Carcinogens Flashcards
Aflatoxins
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (contamination of stored rice by aspergillus, especially prevalent in some African countries)
Alkylating Agents
Leukemia/Lymphoma ( Long term side effect of chemotherapy 5-10 years laters)
Alcohol
Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esophagus, and hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer
Arsenic
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung cancer, angiosarcoma of the liver (present in cigarette smoke)
Asbestos
Lung Carcinoma and mesothelioma (exposure is much more likely to cause lung cancer than mesothelioma)
Cigarette Smoke
Carcinoma of the oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder, and pancreas (most common carcinogen worldwide, polycyclic hydrocarbons are particularly carcinogenic)
Nitrosamines
Stomach Carcinoma (intesitinal form) (Found in smoked foods; responsible for high rate of stomach cancer in Japan)
Napthylamine
Urothelial Carcinoma of the bladder (derived from cigarette smoke)
Vinyl Chloride
Angiosarcoma of liver (occupational exposure; used to make PVC piping)
Nickel, chromium, beryllium, or silica
Lung Carcinoma (occupational Exposure)
Epstein Barr Virus
nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and CNS lymphoma in AIDS
HHV-8
Kaposi Sarcoma
HBV and HCV
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
HTLV-1
Adult T-Cell lymphoma/leukemia
High Risk HPV (16,18,31,33)
Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, vagina, anus, and cervix; adenocarcinoma of the cervix
Ionizing Radiation (nuclear reactor accidents and radiotherapy)
AML, CML, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid (generates hydroxyl free radicals)
Nonionizing Radiation (UVB sunlight)
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of the skin (results in formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA, which are normally excised by restriction endonuclease)
Benzene
AML
Cadmium
Prostate Carcinoma
Radon and its decay products
Lung Carcinoma
