Carcinogenic Agents (Pathoma)

Question 1

Aflatoxins

Answer 1

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 2

Alkylating Agents

Answer 2

Leukemia/Lymphoma

Question 3

Alcohol

Answer 3

Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esophagus, and hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 4

Arsenic

Answer 4

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung cancer, and angiosarcoma of liver. (Present in cigarette smoke)

Question 5

Asbestos

Answer 5

Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma. More likely to lead to lung cancer than mesothelioma!

Question 6

Cigarette Smoke

Answer 6

Carcinoma of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder, pancreas. Polycyclic hydrocarbons particularly carcinogenic.

Question 7

Nitrosamines

Answer 7

Stomach carcinoma (found in smoked foods; explains Japan’s high rate)

Question 8

Napthylamine

Answer 8

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder (Derived from cigarette smoke)

Question 9

Vinyl Chloride

Answer 9

Angiosarcoma of liver

Question 10

Nickel, chromium, beryllium, or silica

Answer 10

Lung carcinoma

Question 11

EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)

Answer 11

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and CNS lymphoma in AIDS

Question 12

HHV-8 (Herpes)

Answer 12

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 13

HBV and HCV (hepatitis)

Answer 13

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 14

HTLV-1

Answer 14

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Question 15

High risk HPV (eg, 16, 18, 31, 33)

Answer 15

Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, and cervix; adenocarcinoma of cervix.

Question 16

Ionizing radiation

Answer 16

AML, CML, papillary carcinoma of thyroid. (Generates hydroxyl free radicals)

Question 17

Nonionizing radiation (UVB)

Answer 17

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of skin. (Results in formation of pyrimidine dimers)

Question 18

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 18

Aflatoxins

Question 19

Leukemia/Lymphoma

Answer 19

Alkylating Agents

Question 20

Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esophagus, and hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 20

Alcohol

Question 21

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung cancer, and angiosarcoma of liver. (Present in cigarette smoke)

Answer 21

Arsenic

Question 22

Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma. More likely to lead to lung cancer than mesothelioma!

Answer 22

Asbestos

Question 23

Carcinoma of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder, pancreas. Polycyclic hydrocarbons particularly carcinogenic.

Answer 23

Cigarette Smoke

Question 24

Stomach carcinoma (found in smoked foods; explains Japan’s high rate)

Answer 24

Nitrosamines

Question 25

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder (Derived from cigarette smoke)

Answer 25

Napthylamine

Question 26

Angiosarcoma of liver

Answer 26

Vinyl Chloride

Question 27

Lung carcinoma

Answer 27

Nickel, chromium, beryllium, or silica

Question 28

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and CNS lymphoma in AIDS

Answer 28

EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)

Question 29

Kaposi sarcoma

Answer 29

HHV-8 (Herpes)

Question 30

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 30

HBV and HCV (hepatitis)

Question 31

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Answer 31

HTLV-1

Question 32

Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, and cervix; adenocarcinoma of cervix.

Answer 32

High risk HPV (eg, 16, 18, 31, 33)

Question 33

AML, CML, papillary carcinoma of thyroid. (Generates hydroxyl free radicals)

Answer 33

Ionizing radiation

Question 34

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of skin. (Results in formation of pyrimidine dimers)

Answer 34

Nonionizing radiation (UVB)