Carcinogenic agents and pathogenesis

Question 1

What are the epidemiologies of cancer?

Answer 1

Geographic & Environmental Factors
Age
Heredity
Acquired Preneoplastic Disorders

Question 2

What ages does cancer usually occur?

Answer 2

later in life 55-74

Question 3

What are hereditary factors of cancers?

Answer 3

Inherited cancer syndromes (autosomal dominant)
familial retinoblastoma
Familial cancers
breast; ovarian; colon
Autosomal recessive syndromes of defective DNA repair
xeroderma pigmentosum
Inherited predisposition to cancer (table 7-4)

Question 4

Whatare acqiured preneoplstic disorders?

Answer 4

¥	Chronic inflammatory diseases
ulcerative colitis, hepatitis, gastritis, pancreatitis 
Non-neoplastic precancerous disorders 
solar keratosis, leukoplakia 
Benign tumors
most do not become cancer

Question 5

What are some examples of geographic & environmental factors of cancer?

Answer 5

Stomach cancer - Japan (smoked fish)
Melanomas - fair skin (sun exposure)
Mesothelioma (asbestos)
Upper G.I. cancer (alcohol, tobacco, reflux)
Cancer of lung & bladder (cigarette smoke)
Cervical (HPV,chronic inflammation)
Most cancers (age)