Carbs Stuff

Question 1

• Positive energy state?
• Negative energy state?
• TEE calculation?
• 3 parts of TEE?
• Difference between sedentary and PA?
• Glycogen liver? SM?
• TG’s Liver? SM? Adipose?
• Glut 2: Location? Insulin?
• Glut 4? Location? Insulin?

Answer 1

• Assimilate exogenous nutrients
• Metabolizing/utilizing stored nutrients
• 25-35 kcal/kg
• Basal + Thermic effect (obligatory + faculative) + Mechanical Work (PA + Waste)
• Sedentary has higher % basal but same thermic
• 1600; 400
• 450; 3k; 120k
• Liver, Beta cells; non sensitive
• AM/Adipose; Sensitive

Question 2

• Lose weight: TEI? EE?
• Fructose metabolism bypasses what? Rapid down?
• Glycemic load?
• Prevent DM: Carb/cal?
• DPP: Placebo vs. Met vs Lifestyle
• Biggest risk factor for DM?
• RCT conclusions? 1.) Carb/fat/calorie? 2.) Confounded by? (3) 3.) Low carb diet?
• His opinion: EI? Fat? Calorie?

Answer 2

• Down; up
• PFK; glycolysis
• High; low
• Placebo

Question 3

• Glycolysis RDS?
• PDH +? (2) PDH -? (3)
• Ox phos: O2 –> H2O = ? (2)
• ADP–> ATP complex number? Sirtuins effect?
• High delta p? (2)
• Cori cycle? What can do GNG? (2)
• Biotin enzyme?

Answer 3

• PFK1
• Ca, pyruvate; Acetyl CoA, ATP, NADH
• NADH –> NAD+; ADP –>ATP
• 5; help with Ox Stress
• Low e- flow; slow respiration; superoxide formation
• Glucose released from liver, lactate released from SM; Liver/kidney
• Pyr. Carboxylase

Question 4

• Branching enzyme does what?
• Pentose shunt makes? (3)
• a hormone? B? D?
• Glucose releasing insulin pathway?
• Incretin effect?
• Insulin metabolic signaling molecule? (3) Effects? (2)
• Insulin mitogenic molecule? (3) Effects? (2)
• What is insulin resistance?

Answer 4

• 4-6 transferase
• Ribose, 2 NADPH, Ribonucleosides
• Glucagon, Insulin, Somatostatin
• Glucose –> Glut 2 –> High ATP –> Close K+ (depol.) –> Ca2+ open –> Insulin release
• More insulin PO b/c GIP/GLP1
• IRS, PI3, AKT; Incr. Glut. 4 and NO
• IRS, MAPk, ERK; Vasocons., Growth
• IRS has serine/threonine phosphorylation