Carbs lab Flashcards

1
Q

reduction of cupric ions to cuprous ions , forming cuprous oxide in a hot alkaline solution by glucose

A

alkaline copper oxide

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2
Q

in the alkaline copper reduction method, glucose reacts with _____ in a hot alkaline solution forming ____

A

alkaline copper tartrate ; cuprous oxide

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3
Q

in folin wu method, what does cuprous ions react with?

A

phosphomolybdate

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4
Q

end product in folin wu method

A

phosphomolybdic acid or phosphomolybdenum blue

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5
Q

in nelson somogyi method, cuprous ions reacts with

A

arsenomolybdate

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6
Q

end product of nelson somogyi method

A

arsenomolybdic acid

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7
Q

in neocuprein method, cuprous ion reacts with

A

neocuprein

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8
Q

end product in neocuprein method

A

cuprous-neocuprein complex

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9
Q

color of the end product in neocuprein method

A

yellow to yellow orange

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10
Q

reagent used in neocuprein method

A

2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenantroline Hydrochloride

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11
Q

used for the detection and quantification of reducing substances

A

Benedict’s method

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12
Q

end product of Benedict’s method

A

brick red precipitate

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13
Q

uses ___ or ___ as stabilizing agents

A

citrate or tartrate

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14
Q

involved reduction of yellow ferricyanide to a colorless ferrocyanide

A

alkaline ferric reduction method (hagedorn jensen)

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15
Q

end product is colorless

A

inverse colorimetry

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16
Q

methods under oxidation reaction

A

-alkaline copper reduction method
-alkaline ferric reduction method

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17
Q

the end product is green colored

A

ortho-toluidine method (dubowski method)

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18
Q

what compounds react in the ortho toluidine method to form a green color product?

A

glucose + aromatic amines

19
Q

enzymes used in glucose dehydrogenase

A

mutarotase
glucose dehydrogenase
diaphorase

20
Q

converts alpha-D-glucose to beta-D-glucose

A

mutarotase

21
Q

converts beta-D-glucose + NAD to D-gluconolactone + NADP

A

glucose dehydrogenase

22
Q

in glucose dehydrogenase, this is done to detect color

A

diaphorase

23
Q

relationship of NADH and glucose concentration in glucose dehydrogenase

A

proportional (amount of NADH produced is proportional to glucose concentration in the sample)

24
Q

substances that can cause falsely decreased glucose values in the glucose oxidase method?

A

increased level of uric acid
bilirubin
ascorbic acid

25
Q

can cause falsely increase glucose values in the glucose oxidase method?

A

presence of bleach

26
Q

how is the colored complex in colorimetric glucose oxidase method quantified?

A

spectrophotometrically

27
Q

used as a coupling enzyme in colorimetric glucose oxidase method

A

glucose oxidase and peroxidase

28
Q

chromogen used in colorimetric glucose oxidase method

A

3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone and
N,N- dimethylaniline

29
Q

this method measures the rate of oxygen consumption, which is proportional to glucose concentration

A

polarographic glucose oxidase

30
Q

role of catalase in polarographic glucose oxidase metjod

A

catalyzes the reaction of H2O2 + ethanol to acetaldehyde

31
Q

this catalyzes the reaction: H2O2 + iodide to iodine

A

molybdate

32
Q

most specific method for glucose measurements

A

hoxokinase method

33
Q

reference method for glucose testing

A

hexokinase method

34
Q

how is the hexokinase method measured spectrophotometrically?

A

by measuring the disappearance of NADPH at 340 nm

35
Q

produced by the liver through metabolism of fatty acids

A

ketones

36
Q

3 types of ketone bodies produced by the liver

A

acetone (2%)
acetoacetic acid (20%)
3-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (70%) -most common

37
Q

specimen used for detecting ketone

A

serum or urine

38
Q

ferric chloride reacted with acetoacetic acid to produce red color, what test is used?

A

Gerhardt’s test

39
Q

___ reacts with acetoacetic acid to produce a purple color

A

sodium nitroprusside

40
Q

___ reacted with acetoacetic acid to produce red color

A

ferric chloride

41
Q

enzyme used in the enzymatic test for ketones (detects acetoacetic acid or 3-beta-hydroxybutyric acid)

A

3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (detects acetoacetic acid)

42
Q

is defined as persistent
albuminuria in two out of three urine collections of 30
to 300 mg/24 h, 20 to 200 μg/min, or an albumin –
creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 μg/mg creatinine

A

microalbuminuria

43
Q

clinical proteinuria or microalbuminuria is established with an albumin-creatine ratio of what?

A

greater than or equal to 300 mg/24h, greater than 200 micro gram/min or greater than or equal to 300 microgram/miligram

44
Q

type of urine collections are used to assessing albumin-creatine ratio

A

-random spot collection
-24 hr collection
-timed 4 hour overnight collection