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Biology - Exam questions > Carbs and Lipids > Flashcards

Carbs and Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What bond holds molecules togather in water?

A

hydrogen bond

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2
Q

Why is water a good solvent

A

-Molecules are polar
-polarity enables water molecules to bind to
-solute molecules

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3
Q

What is hydrogen ions role

A

regulates Ph

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4
Q

What is the sodium ion role

A

regulate water potential

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5
Q

How does the density of water help the survival of an organism

A

-ice is less dense than water = floats
-ice provides habitat for some species
- ice insulates
-water is similar density to organisms
-organisms can float

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6
Q

Properties of water that makes it a good habitat

A

-good solvent
-high specific heat capacity
-temperature stability
-high density = buoyant
-ice is less dense than water

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7
Q

Role of triglycerides

A

Energy store, energy source insulation buoyancy insoluble in water so not affect water potential

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8
Q

Role of Phospholipids

A

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic part ideal for membranes

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9
Q

Role of cholestorol

A

Fits in lipid belayer giving it strength

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10
Q

What are phospholipids made up of

A

Made up of glycerol ad fatty acids

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11
Q

How are phospholipids different to triglyceride structure?

A

two fatty acids instead of three, and has a phosphate group instead.

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12
Q

Solubility of fibrous protein type in water

A

Insoluble

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13
Q

Structure of triglyceride

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

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14
Q

structure of a phospholipid

A

Glycerol +2 fatty acids

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15
Q

structure of cholestorol

A

4 carbon based joined rings

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16
Q

what is the test for starch

A

iodine test

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17
Q

Name a carbohydate monomer/polymer

A

monosacharide / polysachharide

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18
Q

Name a protein monomer/polymer

A

amino acid/polypeptides/protein

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19
Q

what is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

A reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and uses a water molecule.

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20
Q

what is a condensation reaction?

A

A reaction that forms a chemical bond between two molecules and eliminates a water molecule.

21
Q

Describe the formation of cellulose

A

condensation polymerisation of beta glucose molecules

22
Q

describe the structure of amylopectin

A

contains a 1-4/1-6 glycosidic bond between a-glucose monomers

23
Q

how do you get from a-glucose to amylopectin

A

condensation

24
Q

elements in sucrose

A

C H O

25
Q

elements in CHOLESTOROL

A

C H O

26
Q

elements in INSULIN

A

C H O N S

27
Q

elements in ATP

A

C H O N P

28
Q

CARBOHDRATE mlecule in animals

A

glycogen

29
Q

carbohydrate molecule in plants

A

starch

30
Q

how do you make maltose

A

a glucose + a glucose

31
Q

how do you make sucrose

A

a glucose+fructose

32
Q

how to make lactose

A

b-galactose+a glucose

33
Q

how to make cellobiose

A

b-glucose+b-glucose

34
Q

Glycogen advantages/structure

A

-contains a-glucose = used in respiration
-glycogen can be broken down by hydrolysis - digested by enzymes
-is a long chain polymer that means it is unsoluble and has a 1-6 glycosidic bond

-has a great SA for enzyme activity - glucose csn be broken down quickly

35
Q

What bond is found in water?

A

hydrogen bonds

36
Q

what is the bond when a monosacharide bonds with a monosacharide?

A

glycosidic bond

37
Q

what is thr bond when a glycerol is joined with a fatty acid?

A

ester bond

38
Q

what is the bonding in phosphate molecules

A

phosphate bonding

39
Q

Test for protein

A

Biuret

40
Q

If protein is present what colour

A

Purple

41
Q

Test for starch

A

iodine

42
Q

colour if starch is present

A

blue/black

43
Q

1,4 beta glucose bongs what chain?

A

long,straight

44
Q

alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds the chain will be …

A

coiled chains

45
Q

If there are alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds the resulting polysaccharide will be a combination of which chain shapes?

A

coiled and branched chains

46
Q

A branched polysaccharide is the result of alphaglucose molecules joined with….. bonds

A

1,6

47
Q

how to run a benedicts test

A

1.grinde sample with sample
2.add same volume of reagants
3.heat in water bath for 5 minutes

48
Q

how to run iodine test

A

Add a food sample to a test tube.
Add two drops of yellow iodine solution to the tube, then shake or stir the mixture.

49
Q

Adding fatty acids into a solution causes the pH of that solution to decrease. Suggest why.

A

Fatty acids are acids. A higher concentration of acid in a solution causes the PH to decrease (become more acidic)

Biology - Exam questions (3 decks)

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