Carbs and Lipids

Question 1

What bond holds molecules togather in water?

Answer 1

hydrogen bond

Question 2

Why is water a good solvent

Answer 2

-Molecules are polar
-polarity enables water molecules to bind to
-solute molecules

Question 3

What is hydrogen ions role

Answer 3

regulates Ph

Question 4

What is the sodium ion role

Answer 4

regulate water potential

Question 5

How does the density of water help the survival of an organism

Answer 5

-ice is less dense than water = floats
-ice provides habitat for some species
- ice insulates
-water is similar density to organisms
-organisms can float

Question 6

Properties of water that makes it a good habitat

Answer 6

-good solvent
-high specific heat capacity
-temperature stability
-high density = buoyant
-ice is less dense than water

Question 7

Role of triglycerides

Answer 7

Energy store, energy source insulation buoyancy insoluble in water so not affect water potential

Question 8

Role of Phospholipids

Answer 8

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic part ideal for membranes

Question 9

Role of cholestorol

Answer 9

Fits in lipid belayer giving it strength

Question 10

What are phospholipids made up of

Answer 10

Made up of glycerol ad fatty acids

Question 11

How are phospholipids different to triglyceride structure?

Answer 11

two fatty acids instead of three, and has a phosphate group instead.

Question 12

Solubility of fibrous protein type in water

Answer 12

Insoluble

Question 13

Structure of triglyceride

Answer 13

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 14

structure of a phospholipid

Answer 14

Glycerol +2 fatty acids

Question 15

structure of cholestorol

Answer 15

4 carbon based joined rings

Question 16

what is the test for starch

Answer 16

iodine test

Question 17

Name a carbohydate monomer/polymer

Answer 17

monosacharide / polysachharide

Question 18

Name a protein monomer/polymer

Answer 18

amino acid/polypeptides/protein

Question 19

what is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 19

A reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and uses a water molecule.

Question 20

what is a condensation reaction?

Answer 20

A reaction that forms a chemical bond between two molecules and eliminates a water molecule.

Question 21

Describe the formation of cellulose

Answer 21

condensation polymerisation of beta glucose molecules

Question 22

describe the structure of amylopectin

Answer 22

contains a 1-4/1-6 glycosidic bond between a-glucose monomers

Question 23

how do you get from a-glucose to amylopectin

Answer 23

condensation

Question 24

elements in sucrose

Answer 24

C H O

Question 25

elements in CHOLESTOROL

Answer 25

C H O

Question 26

elements in INSULIN

Answer 26

C H O N S

Question 27

elements in ATP

Answer 27

C H O N P

Question 28

CARBOHDRATE mlecule in animals

Answer 28

glycogen

Question 29

carbohydrate molecule in plants

Answer 29

starch

Question 30

how do you make maltose

Answer 30

a glucose + a glucose

Question 31

how do you make sucrose

Answer 31

a glucose+fructose

Question 32

how to make lactose

Answer 32

b-galactose+a glucose

Question 33

how to make cellobiose

Answer 33

b-glucose+b-glucose

Question 34

Glycogen advantages/structure

Answer 34

-contains a-glucose = used in respiration -glycogen can be broken down by hydrolysis - digested by enzymes -is a long chain polymer that means it is unsoluble and has a 1-6 glycosidic bond -has a great SA for enzyme activity - glucose csn be broken down quickly

Question 35

What bond is found in water?

Answer 35

hydrogen bonds

Question 36

what is the bond when a monosacharide bonds with a monosacharide?

Answer 36

glycosidic bond

Question 37

what is thr bond when a glycerol is joined with a fatty acid?

Answer 37

ester bond

Question 38

what is the bonding in phosphate molecules

Answer 38

phosphate bonding

Question 39

Test for protein

Answer 39

Biuret

Question 40

If protein is present what colour

Answer 40

Purple

Question 41

Test for starch

Answer 41

iodine

Question 42

colour if starch is present

Answer 42

blue/black

Question 43

1,4 beta glucose bongs what chain?

Answer 43

long,straight

Question 44

alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds the chain will be ...

Answer 44

coiled chains

Question 45

If there are alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds the resulting polysaccharide will be a combination of which chain shapes?

Answer 45

coiled and branched chains

Question 46

A branched polysaccharide is the result of alphaglucose molecules joined with..... bonds

Answer 46

1,6

Question 47

how to run a benedicts test

Answer 47

1.grinde sample with sample 2.add same volume of reagants 3.heat in water bath for 5 minutes

Question 48

how to run iodine test

Answer 48

Add a food sample to a test tube. Add two drops of yellow iodine solution to the tube, then shake or stir the mixture.

Question 49

Adding fatty acids into a solution causes the pH of that solution to decrease. Suggest why.

Answer 49

Fatty acids are acids. A higher concentration of acid in a solution causes the PH to decrease (become more acidic)