Carbs and Amyloid Flashcards
enzyme used for the identification of glycogen
diastase
stain for demonstrating glycogen
PAS w/ or w/out diastase and Best Carmine with and without digestion
dye used to prepare Schiff Reagent
basic fuchsin
PAS reaction mainly demonstrates
neutral mucopolysaccharides
first person to used Schiff reagent in a method for demonstrating DNA
feulgen
test Schiff reagent
color reaction should be red/purple
only polysaccharide demonstrated in tissue
glycogen
fixative for glycogen
alcoholic glycogen
glycogen is a
polysaccharide
Fixation for best carmine is
absolute alcohol or carnoy
oxidation agent for baur-feulgen
chromic acid
sulfated muco-substances
Alician blue 0.4 or 1.0
metal found in structural formula in alician blue
copper
dyes used to demonstrate mucopolysaccharides
basic dyes
Mucin stains generally aid in the diagnosis for
carcinomas
stain to classify a poorly differentiated carcinoma
mucincarmine
southgates stock of mucicarmine should be stored
in the fridge
best stain for demonstrating epithelial mucin
mucicarmine
surgical powder contains starch that will give a positive reaction with this solution
langhan’s iodine
a silver stain that was originally developed for staining glycogen and mucin but is no longer used for that purpose
gomoris methenamine silver
dyes like toludine blue O that stain mucins and acid mucosubstances a different color from that of the dye are called
metachromatic (generally cationic [basic])
metachromatic staining, strong acid mucosubstances can be distinguished from weakly acid mucosubstances by varying
pH
fluorescent dye used in pickett’s method for mucin and mast cells
acridine orange
amyloidosis is characterized by the deposition of amyloid in skeletal tissue. amyloid can be characterized as
an abnormal extracellular protein complex
to supress non specific background staining, a congo red solution should generally contain
sodium chloride
glycogen is found
liver, muscles, parathyroids and skin
satisfactory substitute for diastase in the PAS reaction with digestion for selective elimination of glycogen is
amylase
best results for feulgon reaction for DNA, tissues should be hydrolyzed in
5N hydrochloric acid at room temp for 30 minutes
when tissue sections are over-oxidized with the PAS stain it will cause which substance to become PAS-positive
sialic acid
in the PAS reaction, development of the final colored product is achieved by
restoration of quinoid chromophoric group
an acid mucosubstance, that is resistant to diastase digestion, is PAS and mucicarmine negative, but is sensitive to hyaluronidase is
hyalruonic acid
which substance can be used to block the PAS reaction of many non-glycogen, PAS-positive substances while preserving the glycogen stain is
dimedone
the oldest staining reaction or polysaccharides involves color formations when exposed to
iodine
in the colloidal iron method for acid mucosubstances, the principle of the reaction is believed to be an ionic bond of ferric iron with the free carboxyl group of
glycosaminoglycans
stains amyloid, paneth cells, keratin, zymogen granules and juxtaglomerular apparatus
thioflavin T
chemical used in varying concentrations of alician blue for acidic mucosubstances
magnesium chloride
when completely hydrolyzed, common polysaccharide yield
glucose
the primary dye used in a rapid mucin stain by carson
basic fuchsin…colors mucin red…uses wiegert iron hematoxylin solution as the nuclear stain and fast green as a non mucin reactive cytoplasmic stain
aldehyde fuchsin stains
sulfated mucosubstances
to achieve more consistent staining results, southgate modied mayer mucicarmine solution by adding
aluminum hydroxide
amyloid stained with this dye can be identified by light, polarization and fluorescence
congo red
congo red will stain two things
amyloid and eosinphils (orang-red)
this oxidizing agent has been found to be useful in distinguishing primary amyloid from secondary amyloid
potassium permanganate
two characteristics common to all types of amyloid are
stainability with iodine and congo red
solution in kreyberg’s method for demonstrating mucin and keratin is
alician blue
kreyberg stain is used for malignant tumors of the
lung
substance that can be used to block the PAS-postive reaction of neutral polysaccharides and glycoproteins, and allow staining of PAS postive epithelial sulfomucins and epithelial sialomucins
phenylhydrazide hydroschloride
Alician blue PAS technique stains acidic mucosubstances blue and neutral mucins red it is very useful for staining diseases of the
GI
barrett’s disease
alician blue-PAS
Secondary (AL) amyloid comprises an enzymatically altered serum protein which is made in the
liver
primary (AL) amyloid is characterized by deposition of enzymatically altered light chains of
immunoglobin kappa or lambda
demonstrate amoebae
best carmines
best carmine
hydrogen bonding
which stain for glycoprotein component in amyloid
PAS
Dye that will bond with surface carboxyl ions of amyloid is
crystal violet
Proteoglycans are a component of ground substances in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. they are produced by fibroblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, endothelial cells and
mast cells
mucinous substances found in mesenchymal cell and connective tissues are known as
glycosaminoglycans
malignant tumor of the endometrium of the uterus is likely to secrete
glycogen
to differentially diagnose primary adenocarcinoma of the lung versus malignant mesothelioma of the pleura which staining results would favor a diagnosis of mesothelioma
alician blue negative following hyaluronidase treatment, PAS negative
presence of a lot of mast cells in the skin would help to confirm the diagnosis of
urticaria pigmentosa
alician blue in 0.8 magnesium chloride has been recommended as an aid in the diagnosis of
leukodystrophy
marfans syndrome
alician blue pH2.5
mesothelioma
alician blue, pH 2.5 with and without hyaluronidase digestion
glycosaminoglycans
hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, keratan sulfates and heparin
methylation in tissue sections for four hours at 37 degrees will block the basophilia of
carboxylated mucosubstances
movats pentachrome stain acidic mucins blue or blue green with
acid fuchsin and woodstain scarlet
