Carbs Flashcards
breaking of the disaccharide through splitting
the water molecule into OH group and H atom;
common in digestion
Hydrolysis
Linking two monosaccharides as evident
with the formation of water molecule
from OH group and H atom
Condensation
Also known as sugar alcohols Group of low-digestible carbohydrates,
derived from the hydrogenation of their sugar
or syrup source
Polyols
Made from high maltose corn syrup Used more as a food ingredient as drying
ingredient
SUGAR ALCOHOL: MANNITOL
Derived from glucose Has been used to delay the onset of hunger
SUGAR ALCOHOL: SORBITOL
Found in fibers of many fruits and vegetables
Has about the same sweetness as sucrose, but
yields less calories (2.4 kcal/g)
SUGAR ALCOHOL: XYLITOL
Known as the complex carbohydrates, they
are made up of 10 or more monosaccharides
(chains of monosaccharides).
Polysaccharide
Chains of glucose linked together; found in
plants such as grains
World’s most abundant and cheap form of
carbohydrate
Starch
Starch molecules have two components
-amylose (a straight chain of glucose units)
-amylopectin (a branched chain)
Intermediate products in the hydrolysis of
starch intermediate product of starch
digestion or is formed from partial hydrolysis
of starch
Dextrin
Storage form of carbohydrates in meal as
reserved energy; not a common dietary source
of carbohydrate
Sometimes called animal starch
Glycogen
Also known as neosugar
Complex carbohydrate that act like soluble
fiber
Lower intestinal pH by producing short chain
fatty acids
Fructo-oligosaccharides
Complex carbohydrate that comes from the
family of fructooligosaccharide and acts like
soluble fiber
Inulin
Also called roughage
Indigestible part of the food derived from
plant sources and contains polysaccharides such
as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, gums,
mucilages and lignins
Fiber
Natural gel-forming fibers (alter solubility or
enzyme hydrolysis); B-glucans, psyllium, pectin,
guar gum, oligosaccharides; ferments in the
colon for lowering cholesterol, obesity risks,
CVD, DM, colon cancer
Soluble fiber
cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose; 10-15%
fermented for stool bulks and prevent
constipation
Insoluble fiber
These are carbohydrates with 3-
10 monosaccharidesml.
Oligosaccharides
A fiber made of galacturonic acid and other
monosaccharides
Because it absorbs water and forms a gel, it is
often used in jams and jellies
SOLUBLE FIBER: PECTIN
Contain galactose, mannose and other
monosaccharides
Similar to gum in structure
SOLUBLE FIBER: MUCILAGES
Contain galactose, glucuronic acid and other
monosaccharides
Sources are include oats, legumes, guar and
barley
SOLUBLE FIBER: GUMS
Obtained from a seed of a plant known as
genus plantago ovata
Composed of 80% dietary fiber and small
amounts of protein, fat, vitamins and minerls
SOLUBLE FIBER: PSYLLIUM
Most well known dietary fiber
A nonstarch carbohydrate polymermade of a
straight chain of glucose molecules linked by
beta bonds
INSOLUBLE FIBER: CELLULOSE
A nonstarch carbohydrate polymer made of
glucose, galactose, xylose and other
monosaccharides
INSOLUBLE FIBER: HEMICELLULOSE
A noncarbohydrate polymer containing
alcohols and acids
A woody fiber found in wheat bran and the
seeds of fruits and vegetables
INSOLUBLE FIBER: LIGNIN
