Carbs 1 Flashcards
What sugar is glucose an example of?
Hexose
What bonds are used by monosaccharides to form disaccharides?
Glycosidic
Glycosidic bonds form between which groups?
OH group of one monomer and the anomeric carbon of the next
Maltose and Lactose are reducing sugars because
Their anomeric carbon can be oxidised
Sucrose is not a reducing sugar because
It has no anomeric carbon
Homopolysaccharides are made of
One saccharide monomer
Heteropolysaccharides are made of
multiple saccharide monomers
How much body glycogen is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle?
90%
Why does glycogen NOT upset the osmotic balance of cells?
It is more of a gel than a solution
Glycoproteins are
Proteins that have a sugar covalently attached
What does attaching a carbohydrate do to a protein?
- Increases solubility
- Affects the folding
- Acts as communication (ABO blood groups)
- Can protect it from degradation.
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are
- found in the mucus and synovial fluid
- are very slimy, can act as a lubricant
Proteoglycans form when
GAGs attach to proteins
Proteoglycans are mostly
Connective tissue in the extracellular matrix due to their strength
Inability to break down GAGs can result in
- Genetic disorders
- Damage to cells
- Severe dementia
- Damage to any organ with endothelium
E.g. of a genetic disorder that causes this
- Hurlers syndrome
- Dementia
