Carboxylic Acids and Esters Basic Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Give the word and symbol equations for Magnesium metal reacting with aqueous Ethanoic Acid.

A

Magnesium + Ethanoic Acid —-> Magnesium Ethanoate +
Hydrogen Gas

Mg(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) —> (CH3COO)2Mg(aq) + H2(g)

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2
Q

Give the word and symbol equations for Ethanoic Acid reacting with Potassium Hydroxide. State the two types of species that react in this way with carboxylic acids.

A

Ethanoic Acid + Potassium Hydroxide —> Potassium
Ethanoate + Water

CH3COOH(aq) +KOH(aq) —> CH3COOK(aq) + H2O(L)

Reaction occurs with alkalis and basic metal oxides.

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3
Q

Give the word and symbol equations for Ethanoic Acid reacting with Calcium Carbonate.

A

Ethanoic Acid + Calcium Carbonate —> Calcium Ethanoate + Water + Carbon Dioxide Gas

2CH3COOH(aq) + CaCO3(s) —> (CH3COO)2Ca(aq) +H2O(L) +CO2(g)

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4
Q

Give the word and symbol equations for the two methods used to prepare an ester. State any conditions for each.

A

1) Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol —> Ester + Water
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH —> CH3COOCH2CH3 +H2O

Conditions: Glacial ethanoic acid, heat, conc. H2SO4 catalyst

2) Acid Anhydride + Alcohol —> Ester + Carboxylic Acid
(CH3CO)2O +CH3CH2OH —> CH3COOCH2CH3 +
CH3COOH

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5
Q

What are the two methods of hydrolysis for esters?

A

Acid and alkaline hydrolysis.

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6
Q

What is the advantage of using an acid anhydride and alcohol to prepare an ester over using a carboxylic acid and alcohol?

A

Acid anhydride route goes to completion/does not produce equilibrium mixture.

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7
Q

What is the advantage of alkaline hydrolysis over acid hydrolysis of an ester?

A

Reaction goes to completion/does not produce equilibrium mixture.

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8
Q

What are the conditions necessary for the hydrolysis of an ester, using an acid or alkali?

A

Heating under reflux.

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9
Q

What does acid hydrolysis of an ester produce?

A

A carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

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10
Q

What does alkaline hydrolysis of an ester produce?

A

An alcohol and a salt of the carboxylic acid.

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11
Q

State the product of alkaline hydrolysis of a Benzoate ester with NaOH. Go on to describe and explain any observations that would be made when resulting mixture is acidified.

A

Produces aqueous solution of Sodium Benzoate. Acidifying this solution produces a white precipitate of Benzoic Acid. This precipitation occurs due to the non polar nature of the benzene ring, meaning Benzoic Acid is only sparingly soluble in water.

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