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A2 CHEM > carboxylic acids and esters > Flashcards

carboxylic acids and esters Flashcards

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1
Q

Carboxylic acid functional group

A

COOH

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2
Q

What does a carboxylic acid dissociate to?
Where does the equilibrium lie

A

RCOO- + H+
To the left - causing more carboxylic acid to be formed

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3
Q

Carboxylic acid + carbonate

A

Carboxyl salt +co2 + h20

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4
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal

A

Carboxyl salt + H2

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5
Q

Carboxylic acid + metal oxide

A

Carboxyl salt + h2o

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6
Q

Carboxylic acid + alkali

A

Carboxyl salt + H2O

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7
Q

Explain the solubility of carboxylic acids

A

Polar regions (O &OH) are polar and can form hydrogen bonds with water
Hydrocarbon chain in non polar and cant dissolve in water .
The longer the hydrocarbon chain the less soluble the carboxylic acid

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8
Q

Name 5 ways to make a carboxylic acid

A
  1. Oxidising a carbonyl
  2. Heating an alcohol under reflux
  3. Acid hydrolysis of a nitrile under reflux
  4. Acyl chloride + water
  5. Acid hydrolysis of an ester
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9
Q

Acyl chloride functional group and suffix

A

-COCl
-oyl chloride

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10
Q

State how to make an Acyl chloride:
include reactants and conditions and reaction name

A

Carboxylic acid + thionyl chloride –> acyl chloride + sulphur dioxide + HCl
Room temp
Substitution reaction

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11
Q

When an acyl chloride is being made how is it separated from the products

A

Distillation

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12
Q

Acyl chloride + water

A

Carboxylic acid + HCl

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13
Q

Acyl chloride + conc ammonia

A

Primary Amide + HCl

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14
Q

Acyl chloride + alcohol

A

Ester + HCl

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15
Q

Acyl chloride + Primary amide

A

N-substituted amides + HCl

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16
Q

Name 3 ways of making an ester and their conditions

A
  1. Carboxylic acid + alcohol ⇌ ester + water ( conc h2so4 + less than 60c)
  2. Acid Anhydride + alcohol -> ester + carboxylic acid (room temp)
  3. Acyl chloride + alcohol –> ester + HCl
17
Q

Why is it better to use acid anhydrides or acyl chlorides to make esters rather than carboxylic acids

A

Both are more reactive and the reaction is irreversible - resulting in a higher yield

18
Q

How do you name esters

A

Alcohol = -thyl
acid anhydride/acyl chlorde/carboxylic aicd = -anoate

19
Q

Whats the functional group of an acid anhydride

A

(RCO)2O

20
Q

What’s the order of naming acid anhydrides

A

Alphabetical order

21
Q

State the reagents and conditions and products of acid hydrolysis of an ester

A

Ester + water –> carboxylic acid + alcohol
Reflux
Dilute HCl or H2SO4

22
Q

State the reagents and conditions and products of Alkali/Base hydrolysis of an ester

A

Ester + NaOH –> carboxyl salr + alcohol
Reflux
Dilute NaOH

23
Q

How do you convert a carboxyl salt to a carboxylic acid

A

Add excess HCl
–> carboxylic acid + compound ( metal chloride)

A2 CHEM (5 decks)

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