Carboxylic Acids And Derivatives Flashcards
Why do acids have high m.p and b.p
Strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding that requires alot of energy to overcome
Can acids conduct electricity
In aqueous state since there are mobile ions that act as mobile charge carriers
Are acids soluble
Yes, smaller acids soluble in both polar aqueous and non-polar organic solvents
Can acids react with cold NaOH
Yes, only acids and phenols can react with cold NaOH
Acid + carbonate/metal/base reactions
Acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen gas
Acid + base -> salt + water
Why is acid + carbonate reaction used as a distinguishing test
Only acids can react with carbonates, so can distinguishing acids and other organic compounds
Reduction of acids
- state r&c and equation
LiAlH4 in dry ether (ONLY)
Acid + [H] -> primary alcohol + H2O
Oxidation of acids
H2SO4(aq), KMnO4, heat under reflux
Acid + [O] -> CO2 + H2O
Can all acids be oxidised
No, only methanoic acid and ethanedioic acid
What are the observations for oxidation of acids
Purple KMnO4 decolourised, effervescence of colourless gas which forms white ppt in limewater
Conversion of acids to acyl halides
- state r&c and all balanced reactions
PCl5(s), room temperature
RCOOH + PCl5 -> RCOCl + POCl3 + HCl
PCl3(l), heat
RCOOH + PCl3 -> H3PO3 + RCOCl
SOCl2 in pyridine, heat
RCOOH + SOCl2 -> SO2 + RCOCl + HCl
Esterification of acids
Conc. H2SO4, heat under reflux
RCOOH + R’OH -> RCOOR’ + H2O
How soluble are esters and why
Soluble in non-polar organic solvents(can form hydrogen bonds), insoluble in polar aqueous solvents(can form but not extensive enough to overcome strong id-id)
Hydrolysis of esters
- state r&c and reactions
Acidic hydrolysis: HCl(aq), heat
R’COOR + H2O ->(reversible) RCOOH + R’OH(primary)
Basic hydrolysis: NaOH(aq), heat
R’COOR + NaOH -> RCOO-Na+ + R’OH (primary)
Acid anhydrides reactions
Acid anhydride + H2O -> acid + acid
Acid anhydride + ROH -> acid + ester
