Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Question 1

List some ways to prepare acyl chlorides.

Answer 1

By reacting a carboxylic acid with:
1. PCl5
2. PCl3 and heat
3. SOCl2

Question 2

Which carboxylic acids can further be oxidized?

Answer 2

1. Methanoic acid can be oxidized to CO2 and H20 by Tollen’s reagent, Fehling’s reagent, KMnO4 or Cr2O7
2. Ethanedioic acid to CO2 by warm acidified KMnO4

Question 3

Describe the hydrolysis of acyl chloride.

Answer 3

it is an addition elimination reaction that forms a carboxylic acid and HCl gas
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Question 4

what is produced when acyl chloride reacts with alcohol?

Answer 4

Ester

Question 5

What are the steps for the formation of a phenyl ester?

Answer 5

1. Reaction takes place in the presence of a base
2. The base reacts with phenol to form a phenoxide ion
3. The phenoxide ion acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to form an ester

Question 5

What is produced when ammonia reacts with acyl chloride?

Answer 5

Amide and HCl

Question 6

What is produced when acyl chloride reacts with an amine

Answer 6

Amide and HCl