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Lauren - chemistry > carboxylic acids and derivatives > Flashcards

carboxylic acids and derivatives Flashcards

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1
Q

define: carboxylic acid

A

a molecule with an alcohol group bonded to a carbonyl group

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2
Q

what is a carbonyl group?

A

COOH

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3
Q

what do we observe when carboxylic acids react with carbonates?

A

bubbles caused by the production of CO2

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4
Q

carboxylic acid + metal –>

A

salt + hydrogen

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5
Q

carboxylic acid + metal carbonate –>

A

salt + water + CO2

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6
Q

carboxylic acid + metal oxide –>

A

salt + water

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7
Q

what do carboxylic ions ionise to form?

A

carboxylate ions (ate)

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8
Q

solubility of carboxylic acids:

A

completely soluble in water

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9
Q

melting point of carboxylic acids:

A

higher melting point as a result of being able to form dimers

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10
Q

define: dimer

A

when 2 molecules bond with 2 H+ bonds

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11
Q

heptanoic acid and potassium hydroxide react to form:

A

potassium heptanoate and water

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12
Q

propanoic acid and sodium hydroxide react to form:

A

sodium propanoate and water

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13
Q

define: ester

A

a molecule which contains the ester functional group (R1COOR2)

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14
Q

what is the reversible reaction containing:
esters
carboxylic acids
alcohol
water

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol <—> ester + water

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15
Q

how are esters formed?

under what conditions?

A

from carboxylic acids and alcohols

a strong acid is used as a catalyst and heat also needs to be applied to the solution

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16
Q

what conditions do esters hydrolise in?

what does this form?

A

acidic conditions

to form a carboxylic acid and alcohol

17
Q

ester + alkaline –>

A

salt + alcohol

18
Q

name an ester formed from pentanoic acid and propanol

A

propylpentanoate

19
Q

name an ester formed from butanol and ethanoic acid

A

butylethanoate

20
Q

how are soaps formed?

A

by hydrolising esters in alkaline conditions

21
Q

what is biodiesel?

A

long chain hydrocarbons

22
Q

what reaction produces biodiesel?

A

vegetable oil and methanol in the presence of a strong acid

23
Q

ethanoic acid + dichloride –>

A

the acyl + SO2 + HI

24
Q

name the acyl chloride derived from propanoic acid:

A

propanoyl chloride

25
Q

what are acid anhydrides?

A

molecules with 2 carbonyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom

26
Q

acid anhydride functional group:

A

RCOOCOR

27
Q

acid anhydride / acyl chloride + water –>

A

carboxylic acid

28
Q

what do acid anhydrides smell like?

A

vinegar

29
Q

why cant you measure the solubility of acid anhydrides and acyl chlorides?

A

because they both react with water

30
Q

acyl chloride + alcohol –>

A

ester + HCl

31
Q

order these from most reactive to least reactive:
acid anhydrides
acyl chlorides
carboxylic acids

A

most: acyl chlorides
acid anhydrides
least: carboxylic acids

32
Q

acyl chloride + water –>

A

carboxylic acid + HClaci

33
Q

d anhydride + water –>

A

2 carboxylic acids

34
Q

ethanoic anhydride + methanol –>

A

methyl ethanoate + ethanoic acid

35
Q

ethaboic anhydride + water –>

A

2 ethanoic acids

36
Q

ethanoic anhydride + 2 ammonia –>

A

amide + ethanoic energy

37
Q

ethanoic anhydride + primary amine –>

A

amide + ethanoate salt

38
Q

whats the differentce between a primary, secondary and tertiary amine?

A

primary: 1 methyl
secondary: 2 methyl
tertiary: 3 methyl

Lauren - chemistry (45 decks)

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