carboxylic acids Flashcards
What are carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acids are weak acids with the –COOH functional group.
How are carboxylic acids named?
They are named by adding the suffix ‘oic acid’.
Where is the functional group of carboxylic acids located?
The functional group is always found at the end of the molecule.
How do carboxylic acids dissociate in solution?
They partially dissociate into hydrogen ions and carboxylate ions.
What makes the –COOH group polar?
The presence of electronegative oxygen atoms pulls electrons towards them, making them slightly negative.
How do carboxylic acids interact with water?
They can form hydrogen bonds with water, allowing smaller carboxylic acids to dissolve easily.
What happens to the solubility of carboxylic acids as chain length increases?
As chain length increases, solubility decreases.
What do carboxylic acids form when they react with metal hydroxides?
They form a salt and water.
What do carboxylic acids produce when they react with metal carbonates?
They form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
What is produced when carboxylic acids react with reactive metals?
They produce a salt and hydrogen.
What are acyl chlorides?
Acyl chlorides are compounds that contain the –COCl functional group.
How are acyl chlorides named?
They are named using the suffix –oyl chloride, e.g., ethanoyl chloride.
How are acyl chlorides formed?
They are formed when carboxylic acids react with thionyl chloride (SOCl2).
What do acyl chlorides react with?
They react with water, alcohols, ammonia, and amines.
What type of reactions do acyl chlorides undergo?
They undergo nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions.
