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Chemistry > Carboxylic acids > Flashcards

Carboxylic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

A

-COOH.

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2
Q

Why is carboxylic acids soluble in water?

A

A carboxylic acid has both C=O and O-H bonds which are polar. The polarity of these bonds allows the carboxylic acid to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

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3
Q

How does solubility of carboxylic acids vary with the length of the carbon chain?

A

As the carbon chain gets longer, the solubility of the carboxylic acid decreases. This is because the carbon chain is non-polar.

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4
Q

Why are carboxylic acids described as weak acids?

A

Carboxylic acids only partially dissociates; this is because equilibrium lies to the left.
If there is partial dissociates, there will be less hydrogen ions in solution. A factor that determines acidity is the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. If there is less hydrogen ions, acidity is weak.

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5
Q

What ions are formed when a carboxylic acid dissociates?

A

A hydrogen ion and a carboxylate ion.

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6
Q

What is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?

A

Salt (metal carboxylate) and water

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7
Q

What is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal oxide?

A

Salt (metal carboxylate) and water

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8
Q

What is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal?

A

Salt (metal carboxylate) and hydrogen gas

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9
Q

What is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

A

Salt (metal carboxylate), carbon dioxide, water

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10
Q

Propanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide. What are the products formed?

A

Sodium propanoate and water

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11
Q

Pentanoic acid reacts with ammonium carbonate. What is formed?

A

Ammonium pentanoate, carbon dioxide and water

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12
Q

What is the functional group of acyl chlorides?

A

-COCl

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13
Q

How to name acyl chlorides?

A

The name of the molecule ends in -‘oyl chloride’. The start of the name is determined by the number of carbons in the molecule.
An acyl chloride with 4 carbons is called butanoyl chloride.

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14
Q

How can acyl chlorides be formed with carboxylic acids?

A

React carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2). This produces acyl chloride, sulphur dioxide and hydrochloric acid.

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15
Q

What is formed when reacting acyl chloride and water?

A

Carboxylic acid and hydrochloric acid.

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16
Q

What is formed when reacting acyl chloride and ammonia?

A

Amide and hydrochloric acid.

17
Q

What is formed when reacting acyl chloride and alcohol?

A

Ester and hydrochloric acid.

18
Q

Wat is formed when reacting acyl chloride and primary amine?

A

N-substituted amides and hydrochloric acid.

19
Q

How are acid anhydrides formed?

A

Formed when reacting two of the same carboxylic acids via a dehydration reaction.

20
Q

How to name acid anhydrides?

A

First name the carboxylic acid the molecule is made of. E.g. butanoic acid.
Then remove the ‘acid’ and replace with ‘anhydride’. Butanoic anhydride.

21
Q

One way to make an ester is reacting a carboxylic acid and alcohol. What are all the products? What conditions are needed?

A

Products: Ester and water.
Conditions: Heat under reflux with concentrated sulphuric acid.
In this reaction, equilibrium lies to the left, so there is a lower yield. Other reactions to produce esters are debatably better.

22
Q

Other than reacting a carboxylic acid and alcohol, what other ways can an ester be produced?

A

> Acid anhydride + Alcohol > Ester + Carboxylic acid
Acyl chloride + Alcohol > Ester + HCl

23
Q

How to name esters?

A

The branch in the ester that was from the alcohol is named and put at the start of the molecule name. When naming this part of the ester, we name it as an alkyl group. The rest of the ester that is produced from a carboxylic acid, acid anhydride or acyl chloride is named and comes at the end of the molecule name. We name this part using -‘oate’, where the prefix is determined by the number of carbons.
E.g. ethyl propanoate.

24
Q
A

Chemistry (12 decks)

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