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Chemistry > Carbonyl Compounds > Flashcards

Carbonyl Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the carbonyl group?

A

C=O

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2
Q

Functional group for aldehydes?

A

R-C=0

|

H

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3
Q

Functional group for ketones?

A

O

||

R-C-R

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4
Q

Do aldehydes and ketones have hydrogen bonding between themselves?

A

No

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5
Q

Are aldehydes/ketones soluble?

A

Yes - Hydrogen bonding with water

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6
Q

Describe the formation of aldehydes

A

Primary alcohols oxidised using Acidified Potassium Dichromate (Cr2O72-) under distillation

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7
Q

What are aldehydes oxidised to?

A

Carboxylic Acids

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8
Q

Describe the formation of ketones

A

Secondary alcohols oxidised using Acidified Potassium Dichromate (Cr2O72-) under reflux

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9
Q

What is the reducing agent for reducing aldehydes and ketones?

A

LiAlH4 in dry ether

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10
Q

What are aldehydes reduced to?

A

Primary alcohols

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11
Q

What are ketones reduced to?

A

Secondary alcohols

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12
Q

What type of reaction is the reduction of ketones/aldehyes?

A

Nucleophillic Addition

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13
Q

How many moles of reducing agent are needed to reduced aldehyes/ketones

A

2 [H]

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14
Q

What time of reaction is it when an aldehyde or ketone reacts with HCN

A

Nucleophillic addition

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15
Q

In the reaction between aldehydes and HCN what product are formed

A

2-hydroxy_____nitriles

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16
Q

How is HCN produced?

A

Produced in solution by mixing NaCN/KCN with acid (H2SO4)

17
Q

What product is formed when a ketone reacts with HCN?

A

2-hydroxy-2-alkyl-_______nitrile

18
Q

Draw the mechanism for Ketones + HCN

A
19
Q

Draw the mechanism for Aldehydes + HCN

A
20
Q

Are the products of HCN + Aldehydes/Ketones chiral or not

A

They are chiral

21
Q

What is the test for the carbonyl group?

A

2,4-DNPH which is an orange solution that forms an orange precipitate when C=O is present. Specific carbonyl present can be found by filtering the precipitate, drying it, finding its melting point and comparing to known results.

22
Q

Describe the iodoform test

A

I2(aq) and NaOH(aq) gives a pale yellow crystalline precipitate with:

ethanal

or ____-2-one

Chemistry (6 decks)

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