Carbonyl Compounds Flashcards
What is the carbonyl group?
C=O
Functional group for aldehydes?
R-C=0
|
H
Functional group for ketones?
O
||
R-C-R
Do aldehydes and ketones have hydrogen bonding between themselves?
No
Are aldehydes/ketones soluble?
Yes - Hydrogen bonding with water
Describe the formation of aldehydes
Primary alcohols oxidised using Acidified Potassium Dichromate (Cr2O72-) under distillation
What are aldehydes oxidised to?
Carboxylic Acids
Describe the formation of ketones
Secondary alcohols oxidised using Acidified Potassium Dichromate (Cr2O72-) under reflux
What is the reducing agent for reducing aldehydes and ketones?
LiAlH4 in dry ether
What are aldehydes reduced to?
Primary alcohols
What are ketones reduced to?
Secondary alcohols
What type of reaction is the reduction of ketones/aldehyes?
Nucleophillic Addition
How many moles of reducing agent are needed to reduced aldehyes/ketones
2 [H]
What time of reaction is it when an aldehyde or ketone reacts with HCN
Nucleophillic addition
In the reaction between aldehydes and HCN what product are formed
2-hydroxy_____nitriles
How is HCN produced?
Produced in solution by mixing NaCN/KCN with acid (H2SO4)
What product is formed when a ketone reacts with HCN?
2-hydroxy-2-alkyl-_______nitrile
Draw the mechanism for Ketones + HCN
Draw the mechanism for Aldehydes + HCN
Are the products of HCN + Aldehydes/Ketones chiral or not
They are chiral
What is the test for the carbonyl group?
2,4-DNPH which is an orange solution that forms an orange precipitate when C=O is present. Specific carbonyl present can be found by filtering the precipitate, drying it, finding its melting point and comparing to known results.
Describe the iodoform test
I2(aq) and NaOH(aq) gives a pale yellow crystalline precipitate with:
ethanal
or ____-2-one
