Carbonyl compounds Flashcards

Question 1

Q

alcohol to carboxylic acid - type and conditions

Answer

A

oxidation
heat, reflux, acidified potassium dichromate reagent

Question 2

Q

2 tests for weak acids

Answer

A

Na₂CO₃
NaHCO₃

Question 3

Q

carboxylic acid + sodium carbonate test equation

Answer

A

2 CH₃COOH + Na₂CO₃ > 2 CH₃COO^-Na⁺+ H₂O + CO₂

Question 4

Q

carboxylic acid + sodium hydrogencarbonate test equation

Answer

A

CH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ > CH₃COO^-Na⁺ + H₂O + CO₂

Question 5

Q

carboxylic acid and alcohol - type and condition

Answer

A

esterification
conc. H₂SO₄ catalyst

Question 6

Q

name of CH(=O)
^{</sup>O-CH(CH₃)(C₂H₅)}

Answer

A

1-methylpropylmethanoate

Question 7

Q

acid + alcohol reaction type and conditions

Answer

A

esterification
conc. H₂SO₄

Question 8

Q

4 uses of esters

Answer

A

food flavouring
plasticisers
perfume
glue

Question 9

Q

esters to carboxylic acid and alcohol - type and conditions

Answer

A

(acid / alkaline) hydrolysis

(conc. H₂SO₄ + heat)

Question 10

Q

acid hydrolysis of propyl ethanoate equation

Answer

A

CH₃COOHCH₂CH₂CH₃ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃COOH + CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

Question 11

Q

alkaline hydrolysis of methyl propanoate

Answer

A

CH₃CH₂COOCH₃ + NaOH > CH₃CH₂COO^-Na⁺ + CH₃OH

Question 12

Q

why is alkaline hydrolysis of esters preferred to acid hydrolysis (2)

Answer

A

products made are more easily separated
increased yield due to non-reversible reaction

Question 13

Q

how is a carboxylic acid recovered from alkaline hydrolysis of esters

Answer

A

adding excess dilute HCl

Question 14

Q

where does acid hydrolysis of fats happen

Answer

A

the stomach

Question 15

Q

where does alkaline hydrolysis of fats happen

Answer

A

soap factories

Question 16

Q

Typical fat structure

Answer

A

CH₂-O-CO-(CH₂)₁₆CH₃
CH–O-CO-(CH₂)₁₆CH₃
CH₂-O-CO-(CH₂)₁₆CH₃

Question 17

Q

acid hydrolysis of fats equation

Answer

A

fat + 3 H₂O ⇌ glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) +
3 CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COOH

Question 18

Q

uses of products from acid hydrolysis of fats

Answer

A

fatty acid - cell membranes
glycerol - respiration

Question 19

Q

alkaline hydrolysis of fats equation

Answer

A

fat + 3 NaOH ⇌ glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) +
3 CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COO^-Na⁺

Question 20

Q

usesof products from alkaline hydrolysis of fats

Answer

A

sodium carboxylate - soap
glycerol - respiration

Question 21

Q

glycerol molecule

Answer

A

CH₂OH
CHOH
CH₂OH

Question 22

Q

reaction of fat with methanol equation

Answer

A

fat + 3 CH₃OH ⇌ glycerol (propane-1,2,3-triol) +
3 CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COOCH₃

Question 23

Q

uses of products from reaction between fats and methanol

Answer

A

methyl ester - biodiesel
glycerol - respiration

Question 24

Q

soap molecule diagram

Answer

A

(hydrophobic tail) /\/\/\/\/\/\/\C=O (hydrophilic head)
^{</sup>O^-Na⁺}

Question 25

Q

propanoic acid + methanol equation

Answer

A

CH₃CH₂COOH + CH₃OH ⇌ CH₃CH₂COOCH₃ + H₂O
methyl propanoate

Question 26

Q

advantage / disadvantage of esters as food flavouring

Answer

A

adds flavour
unnatural

Question 27

Q

disadvantage of esters as plasticisers

Answer

A

can dangerous

Question 28

Q

advantage / disadvantage of esters as perfume

Answer

A

distinctive smell
unnatural

Question 29

Q

disadvantage of esters as glue

Answer

A

can evaporate too quickly

Question 30

Q

name of CH₃C(=O)
^{</sup>C₃H₇}

Answer

A

propyl ethanoate

Question 31

Q

diagram to illustrate how soap works

Answer

A

water O\/\/\/(/ oil )/\/\/O