Carbonyl Compounds ( 22.3 ) Flashcards
What is a carbonyl Compound?
A carbonyl compounds contains a double bonded oxygen in the functional group
What is a carbonyl Group?
An oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom
What are aldehydes?
They are organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is located at the end of the carbon chain and is bonded to a carbon atom on one side and a hydrogen on the other side.
What suffix does an aldehyde end with?
-al. Ex: Methanal, Ethanal….
What is the general formula for an aldehyde?
CHO
What are some properties of an aldehyde?
- Contains a polar reactive structure 2. Cannot Form hydrogen bonds 3. Lower boiling points than alcohol.
What is a ketone?
is an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.
Why do ketones and aldehydes share many chemical and physical properties?
Because they have similar structures
Ketones are popular solvents for?
Moderately polar substances.
Are ketones soluble in water?
Ketones are somewhat soluble in water.
What is the general formula for ketones?
O=R-C-R (check the powerpoint)
What are Carboxylic Acids?
They are organic compounds that have a carboxyl group.
What are Carboxyl Groups?
They are carbonyls bonded to a hydroxyl group
How are Carboxylic acids named?
-Anoic acid. Ex: Ethanoic Acid
What is the general formula for Carboxylic Acids?
Check powerpoint
What are Carboxylic Acids represented by?
-COOH
What are some properties for Carboxylic Acids?
They are polar and reactive, and ionize in water to form acids.
What is an ester?
It is any organic compound with a carboxyl group in which the hydrogen in the hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkyl chain.
How do you name an ester?
write the alkyl group followed by the name of the acid with the –oic acid ending replaced with –oate.
Ex: Propyl Ethanoate
What are some characteristics of esters?
Esters are polar molecules and many are volatile and sweet smelling.
Where can esters be found?
Many esters are found in fruits and flowers.
What is the general formula of an ester?
Check powerpoint
What is an amide group?
It is an organic compound in which the –OH group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen atom bonded to other atoms.
Where can an amide functional group be found?
It is found repeated many times in natural proteins and some synthetic materials.
What is the general formula of an Amide?
Check powerpoint
What is a condensation reaction?
It is an elimination reaction that form bonds between two atoms not previously bonded.
What happens in a Condensation reaction?
Two smaller organic molecules combine to form a more complex molecule, accompanied by the loss of a small molecule such as water.
What are the five important classes of organic compounds containing Carbonyl Compounds?
- Aldehydes 2. Ketones 3. Carboxylic Acids 4, Esters 5. Amide
