Carbonyl Compounds ( 22.3 )

Question 1

What is a carbonyl Compound?

Answer 1

A carbonyl compounds contains a double bonded oxygen in the functional group

Question 2

What is a carbonyl Group?

Answer 2

An oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom

Question 3

What are aldehydes?

Answer 3

They are organic compounds in which the carbonyl group is located at the end of the carbon chain and is bonded to a carbon atom on one side and a hydrogen on the other side.

Question 4

What suffix does an aldehyde end with?

Answer 4

-al. Ex: Methanal, Ethanal….

Question 5

What is the general formula for an aldehyde?

Answer 5

CHO

Question 6

What are some properties of an aldehyde?

Answer 6

1. Contains a polar reactive structure 2. Cannot Form hydrogen bonds 3. Lower boiling points than alcohol.

Question 7

What is a ketone?

Answer 7

is an organic compound in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Question 8

Why do ketones and aldehydes share many chemical and physical properties?

Answer 8

Because they have similar structures

Question 9

Ketones are popular solvents for?

Answer 9

Moderately polar substances.

Question 10

Are ketones soluble in water?

Answer 10

Ketones are somewhat soluble in water.

Question 11

What is the general formula for ketones?

Answer 11

O=R-C-R (check the powerpoint)

Question 12

What are Carboxylic Acids?

Answer 12

They are organic compounds that have a carboxyl group.

Question 13

What are Carboxyl Groups?

Answer 13

They are carbonyls bonded to a hydroxyl group

Question 14

How are Carboxylic acids named?

Answer 14

-Anoic acid. Ex: Ethanoic Acid

Question 15

What is the general formula for Carboxylic Acids?

Answer 15

Check powerpoint

Question 16

What are Carboxylic Acids represented by?

Answer 16

-COOH

Question 17

What are some properties for Carboxylic Acids?

Answer 17

They are polar and reactive, and ionize in water to form acids.

Question 18

What is an ester?

Answer 18

It is any organic compound with a carboxyl group in which the hydrogen in the hydroxyl group is replaced by an alkyl chain.

Question 19

How do you name an ester?

Answer 19

write the alkyl group followed by the name of the acid with the –oic acid ending replaced with –oate.
Ex: Propyl Ethanoate

Question 20

What are some characteristics of esters?

Answer 20

Esters are polar molecules and many are volatile and sweet smelling.

Question 21

Where can esters be found?

Answer 21

Many esters are found in fruits and flowers.

Question 22

What is the general formula of an ester?

Answer 22

Check powerpoint

Question 23

What is an amide group?

Answer 23

It is an organic compound in which the –OH group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a nitrogen atom bonded to other atoms.

Question 24

Where can an amide functional group be found?

Answer 24

It is found repeated many times in natural proteins and some synthetic materials.

Question 25

What is the general formula of an Amide?

Answer 25

Check powerpoint

Question 26

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 26

It is an elimination reaction that form bonds between two atoms not previously bonded.

Question 27

What happens in a Condensation reaction?

Answer 27

Two smaller organic molecules combine to form a more complex molecule, accompanied by the loss of a small molecule such as water.

Question 28

What are the five important classes of organic compounds containing Carbonyl Compounds?

Answer 28

1. Aldehydes 2. Ketones 3. Carboxylic Acids 4, Esters 5. Amide