Carbons

Question 1

Is carbon itself organic?

Answer 1

No, carbon is not organic on its own. For example carbon dioxide is not organic even though it contains carbons. It must be bonded to other carbons

Question 2

What is the role of covalent bonds in carbon?

Answer 2

To bond carbon to other compounds mostly other carbon

Question 3

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom make with another carbon atom?

Answer 3

can have a bond with 4 different atoms because it has four outermost electrons (valence electrons)

Question 4

Name all 3 carbon compound examples

Answer 4

Straight chain, Branched, and 5/6 Carbon Ring

Question 5

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom make with another atom and why?

Answer 5

4 bonds because one carbon has 4 valence electrons

Question 6

Define monomer.

Answer 6

small lil baby atoms/molecules that can be used to form polymers.

Question 7

Define polymer

Answer 7

Made up of many monomers, and all the main 4 biological macromolecules are called polymers.

Question 8

Define Macromolecule

Answer 8

Very big boy molecules

Question 9

Define the 4 biological macromolecules (they are all polymers.. keep this in note for the next question)

Answer 9

Carbohydrate, Lipid, Nucleic Acid, Protein,

Helpful for reminder: CLNP, or Carter Loves Nicotine + Penis

Question 10

List the 4 biological polymers and their monomers

Answer 10

Carbohydrate- monosacharides, which are building blocks and are called simple sugars
Lipid- fatty acid
Nucleic Acid- nucelotide
Protein- amino acid

Question 11

A.Define Disaccharides
B. Are disaccharides polymers or monomers and why?
C. Do disaccharides make polysaccharides

Answer 11

A. Disaccharides are made up of two monosaccharides. For example, fructose and glucose are 2 monosaccharides that make sucrose, a Disaccharide
B. Polymers because they are made of two monomers.

Question 12

Applying the carbohydrate formula, figure out if the following formulas could be considered a carbohydrate

Y or N?

1. C12 H24 O12
2. C2 H4 O2
3. C3 H5 O3
4. C6 H12 O12

Answer 12

1. Y
2. Y
3. N
4. N

Question 13

Basic Carbohydrates Info

A: What elements does it consist of
B: Write Formula

Answer 13

A: 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen for every carbon atom

B: (CH2O) N where n is # of carbons

basically you need twice as much hydrogen then oxygen or carbon for it to be a carbohydrate

Question 14

Define the following if it is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide. The stuff below are things that are the main of each type often talked about

M, D, or P?

1. Glycogen
2. Glucose
3. Cellulose
4. Sucrose
5. Fructose
6. Maltose
7. Lactose

Answer 14

1. P
2. M
3. P
4. D
5. M
6. D
7. D

Question 15

3 types of Lipid

Answer 15

Phospholipids, wax and fats(considered together for some reason) and oil

Question 16

Define Lipid

Answer 16

Stores energy, composed of fatty acids, It is not a solute of water.

Question 17

Define Phospholipids

Answer 17

controls function/structure of cell membrane.

since this is a type of lipid, and lipids are not a solute (dissolvee) of water it allows phospholipids to be the barrier of the cell membrane.

Question 18

Waxes and fats

Answer 18

Fats also known as Triglyceride.

Waxes prevent water from sticking to surfaces

Question 19

Fatty acid trails

Answer 19

in liquid structure, when a chain of carbon bond to a hydrogen and another carbon by single OR double bonds

note:
**these bonds are COVALENT BONDS
double bonds involve 2 pairs of electrons, or in other words 4 electrons. Represented by = not used as a equal sign. More like C=H

**triple bonds involve 3 pairs, 6 electrons
represented by 3 lines
*quadruple bonds 4 pairs, 8 electrons. represented by 4 lines and so on

Question 20

Types of Fatty Acid trails

Answer 20

Saturated, Unsaturated, and Polyunsaturated

Question 21

Saturated fats

Answer 21

if a chain has single bonds between carbon.

no more can bond to it

Question 22

unsaturated fats

Answer 22

least one double bond between carbon and can take at least one hydrogen

Question 23

polyunsaturated fats

Answer 23

more then one double bond in the tail

Question 24

Steriods/Sterols

Answer 24

Consists of cholesterol and hormones.

Good cholesterol is the starting point for other lipids like Vit D and estrogen / testosterone