Carbons Flashcards
Is carbon itself organic?
No, carbon is not organic on its own. For example carbon dioxide is not organic even though it contains carbons. It must be bonded to other carbons
What is the role of covalent bonds in carbon?
To bond carbon to other compounds mostly other carbon
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom make with another carbon atom?
can have a bond with 4 different atoms because it has four outermost electrons (valence electrons)
Name all 3 carbon compound examples
Straight chain, Branched, and 5/6 Carbon Ring
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom make with another atom and why?
4 bonds because one carbon has 4 valence electrons
Define monomer.
small lil baby atoms/molecules that can be used to form polymers.
Define polymer
Made up of many monomers, and all the main 4 biological macromolecules are called polymers.
Define Macromolecule
Very big boy molecules
Define the 4 biological macromolecules (they are all polymers.. keep this in note for the next question)
Carbohydrate, Lipid, Nucleic Acid, Protein,
Helpful for reminder: CLNP, or Carter Loves Nicotine + Penis
List the 4 biological polymers and their monomers
Carbohydrate- monosacharides, which are building blocks and are called simple sugars
Lipid- fatty acid
Nucleic Acid- nucelotide
Protein- amino acid
A.Define Disaccharides
B. Are disaccharides polymers or monomers and why?
C. Do disaccharides make polysaccharides
A. Disaccharides are made up of two monosaccharides. For example, fructose and glucose are 2 monosaccharides that make sucrose, a Disaccharide
B. Polymers because they are made of two monomers.
Applying the carbohydrate formula, figure out if the following formulas could be considered a carbohydrate
Y or N?
- C12 H24 O12
- C2 H4 O2
- C3 H5 O3
- C6 H12 O12
- Y
- Y
- N
- N
Basic Carbohydrates Info
A: What elements does it consist of
B: Write Formula
A: 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen for every carbon atom
B: (CH2O) N where n is # of carbons
basically you need twice as much hydrogen then oxygen or carbon for it to be a carbohydrate
Define the following if it is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide. The stuff below are things that are the main of each type often talked about
M, D, or P?
- Glycogen
- Glucose
- Cellulose
- Sucrose
- Fructose
- Maltose
- Lactose
- P
- M
- P
- D
- M
- D
- D
3 types of Lipid
Phospholipids, wax and fats(considered together for some reason) and oil
Define Lipid
Stores energy, composed of fatty acids, It is not a solute of water.
Define Phospholipids
controls function/structure of cell membrane.
since this is a type of lipid, and lipids are not a solute (dissolvee) of water it allows phospholipids to be the barrier of the cell membrane.
Waxes and fats
Fats also known as Triglyceride.
Waxes prevent water from sticking to surfaces
Fatty acid trails
in liquid structure, when a chain of carbon bond to a hydrogen and another carbon by single OR double bonds
note:
**these bonds are COVALENT BONDS
double bonds involve 2 pairs of electrons, or in other words 4 electrons. Represented by = not used as a equal sign. More like C=H
**triple bonds involve 3 pairs, 6 electrons
represented by 3 lines
*quadruple bonds 4 pairs, 8 electrons. represented by 4 lines and so on
Types of Fatty Acid trails
Saturated, Unsaturated, and Polyunsaturated
Saturated fats
if a chain has single bonds between carbon.
no more can bond to it
unsaturated fats
least one double bond between carbon and can take at least one hydrogen
polyunsaturated fats
more then one double bond in the tail
Steriods/Sterols
Consists of cholesterol and hormones.
Good cholesterol is the starting point for other lipids like Vit D and estrogen / testosterone
