Carbon & Its Compound

Question 1

How many bonds can Carbon make

Answer 1

4

Question 2

In terms of bonding, what makes carbon unique compared to other element 1`

Answer 2

C can bond with itself

Question 3

Most abundant element on earth

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

What element is organic chem based on

Answer 4

carbon q

Question 5

1 reason why carbon is special structurally

Answer 5

can form long chains + rings + complex molecules.

Question 6

how many types of bonds are there

Answer 6

2

Question 7

what are the 2 types of bonds

Answer 7

Ionic and covalent

Question 8

what is ionic bonding

Answer 8

electrons transferred from one to another

Question 9

When does an ionic bond occur

Answer 9

when the electronegativity difference between 2 atoms is high

Question 10

in ionic bonds, what are the resulting compounds called

Answer 10

salts

Question 11

what are covalent bonds

Answer 11

share electrons

Question 12

what is the most common bond in organic molecules

Answer 12

covalent bond

Question 13

in covalent bonds, what holds the atoms together

Answer 13

charges

Question 14

What elements follow octet rule strictly

Answer 14

B, C, N. O. F

Question 15

what elements can exceed the octet rule

Answer 15

from the 3rd row and below of PT elements can exceed octet rule

Question 16

in lewis structures, how are bonded and non-bonded electrons shown

Answer 16

bonded electrons shown as line. non bonded electrons shown as dots

Question 17

what are formal charges

Answer 17

they help track charged atoms

Question 18

what does formal charges show

Answer 18

the shared and non shared electrons to the number of valence atoms

Question 19

what is the formula to find formal charges

Answer 19

(Groups #) - (# of bonds) - (# of non-bonded e) = FC

Question 20

Steps of finding formal charges (7)

Answer 20

1. Count tot valence e-
2. If charged molecules, then add 1 electron for -ve charge and subtract 1 for electron for +ve charge
3. Draw out atoms w/ single bonds only
4. count total # of bonds drawn. # valence e - # bonded e = # non bonded e
5. add non bonded e to the structure. Start with most electronegative atoms
6. calculate FC using formula. note, carbons with 4 bonds have no FC
7. rearrange so that atoms have fewest charges possible. Take e from -ve atom and bond with +ve atom that doesnt have full octet

Question 21

what is an incomplete octet

Answer 21

structures with less than 8 electrons

Question 22

what expanded octet

Answer 22

structures with more than 8 electrons

Question 23

what is electronegativity

Answer 23

Ability of an atom to pull an electron towards itself from the surrounding atoms to which it is bonded.

Question 24

What is the PT trend for electronegativity

Answer 24

EN increases from left to right and bottom to top

Question 25

What is EN for Hydrogen

Answer 25

2.2

Question 26

what is the EN for Sulfur

Answer 26

2.6

Question 27

what is the EN for Phosphorous

Answer 27

2.2

Question 28

Whats the EN for oxygen

Answer 28

3.4

Question 29

what does the difference of EN b/w atoms indicate

Answer 29

bond polarity

Question 30

what creates a bond dipole

Answer 30

If there is one atom that is more EN than the other, this creates bond dipole.

Question 31

What are polar covalent bonds

Answer 31

Bonds with significant dipole because of unequal electron sharing (Significant difference between the EN of two atoms)

Question 32

covalently bonded carbon atoms have 3 structures, they are?

Answer 32

1. linear
2. trigonal planar
3. tetrahedral

Question 33

bond angle for linear

Answer 33

180

Question 34

how are the atoms positioned in linear geometry

Answer 34

straight line

Question 35

bond angle for trigonal planar

Answer 35

120

Question 36

position of atoms in trigonal planar

Answer 36

3 atoms around central carbon.

Question 37

bond angle in tetrahedral

Answer 37

109

Question 38

atom arrangement in tetrahedral

Answer 38

pyramid