Carbon Compounds

Question 1

Organic molecules

Answer 1

-any molecule with carbon to carbon and or carbon to hydrogen bonds
ex:CH4 (methane)

Question 2

Inorganic molecules

Answer 2

-molecules that don’t have carbon to carbon and or carbon to hydrogen bonds
ex:H20 (water)

Question 3

monomer

Answer 3

-single unit (subunit) that when bonded to several other units makes polymer

Question 4

dimer

Answer 4

-formed from 2 monomers bonded together

Question 5

polymer

Answer 5

3 or more monomers bonded together

Question 6

macromolecule

Answer 6

-term for large molecule formed by smaller subunits or polymer

Question 7

different organic macromolecules

Answer 7

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, proteins

Question 8

carbohydreates, carbs

Answer 8

-compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms
-ratio 1:2:1

Question 9

lipids

Answer 9

fats

Question 10

nucleic acids

Answer 10

DNA RNa

Question 11

monosaccharide

Answer 11

one sugar, glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 12

three different carbohydrates

Answer 12

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

Question 13

disaccharide

Answer 13

-2 sugar, 2 monosaccharides bonded together, disaccharide are isomers of eachother
ex: maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 14

polysaccharide

Answer 14

many sugars

Question 15

monosaccharide glucose

Answer 15

-molecular formula = C6H12O6
-function=feul source cell

Question 16

monosaccharide glactose

Answer 16

-molecular formula= C6H12O6
-function fuel source cell

Question 17

monosaccharide frutose

Answer 17

-molecular formula=C6H12O6
-function fuel source cell

Question 18

isomers

Answer 18

-same formula but different structures
-monosaccharides are isomers of eachother

Question 19

how to form a disaccharide?

Answer 19

-dehydration synthesis =remove water molecule to join molecule
-glucose + glucose =maltose
-glucose + fructose = sucrose
glucose + galactose =lactose
-molecular formula=C12H22O11
-disaccharide are isomers of each other

Question 20

how do you break apart a disaccharide?

Answer 20

hydrolysis =addition of water molecule to break a bond

Question 21

plant polysaccharides

Answer 21

cellulose= function structural polysaccharides
ex: cell walls
-starch= function storage form of glucose
ex: potatoes

Question 22

polysaccharides

Answer 22

3 or more monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis

Question 23

animal polysaccharides

Answer 23

-chitin=structural polysaccharide
ex: exoskelotons
glycogen=storage form of glucose
ex:glycogen in human line

Question 24

lipids

Answer 24

-molecules which are generally isoluble in water and made mostly from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms, phosphourus

Question 25

common types of lipids

Answer 25

fats and oils, phospholipids, steroids, waxes

Question 26

fats/oils

Answer 26

functions=energy, isulation,protection
-fat molecule = one gycerol and three fatty acids ex: E

Question 27

gycerol

Answer 27

-3 carbon chain with OH bonded to each C on fat molecule

Question 28

fatty acid

Answer 28

-long carbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end
-carboxyl= c double bond O,OH
-saturated=all single bonds
unsaturated=one or more double bonds

Question 29

phospholipids

Answer 29

-one glycerol, two fatty acids, and phosphate group
-functions=make up cell membranes forming a barrier around the cell, semipermeable=strucuture allows for only certain substances to pass through call membranes
-structure= hydrophilic head loves water, hydrophobic tail hates water, phosphilpid bilayer, tails connect

Question 30

steroids

Answer 30

-functions as hormones ex: testosterone
structure= four carbon ring

Question 31

how do you form lipid?

Answer 31

dehydration synthesis=remove water molecule to join molcules

Question 32

how do you break apart a lipid?

Answer 32

hydrolysis=addition of a water molecule to break a bond

Question 33

nucleic acids

Answer 33

-macromolecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphoros
-nucleotides are monomers of nucliec acids
function= store and transmit hereditary/genetic info\
-2 types : DNA and RNA
-hydrolysis breaks apart acids

Question 34

nucleotides

Answer 34

-monomer of nucleic acids
3 parts
-5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
-dehydration synthesis joins nucleotides to create nucleic acids

Question 35

what type of reaction joins nucleotides to create nucleic acids?

Answer 35

dehydration synthesis

Question 36

what type of reaction breaks apart nucleic acids?

Answer 36

hydrolysis

Question 37

proteins

Answer 37

-functions= structure ex:hair, defense against microbes ex: antibodies, hormones ex:insulin, catalysts ex:enzymes
-macromolecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms
-animo acids are monomers of protein

Question 38

structure of amino acids for protein

Answer 38

-central carbon, hydrogen, amiNo group, Carboxyl group, ‘R’ group or variable group
-the part of each amino acid that is different is called R group pr variable group
-instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in dna

Question 39

dipeptides

Answer 39

-2 amino acids bonded together for protein

Question 40

What type of reaction join amino acids to form a polypeptide?

Answer 40

-dehydration synthesis
-covalent bond linking amino acids together forms a peptide bond

Question 41

polypeptides

Answer 41

3 or more amino acids bonded together

Question 42

what type of reaction breaks apart polypeptides?

Answer 42

hydrolysis