Carbon and its compounds

Question 1

Properties of carbon compounds

Answer 1

• low melting and boiling points
  > forces of attraction are not very strong
• largely non-conductors of electricity
  > bonding does not give rise to any ions

Question 2

Why doesn’t carbon simply gain/lose electrons?

Answer 2

• if it gains, it will be difficult for the nucleus with six protons to hold on to 10 electrons
• if it loses, it will require a large amount of energy

Question 3

Covalent bonds

Answer 3

Bond formed when atoms share the same electron

Question 4

2 main characteristics of carbon

Answer 4

1. Catenation
   it can form bonds with other carbon atoms and give rise to large molceules
2. Tetravalency
   capable of bonding with four atoms of carbon or mono-valent elements
   Very stable bonds
   Small size allows nucleus to hold on to shared electrons very strongly

Question 5

Saturated vs Unsaturated carbon compounds

Answer 5

S: single bonds
Normally not very reactive

Us: double or triple bonds
More reactive

Question 6

Alcohol

Answer 6

R-OH

__anol
or __yl alcohol

Question 7

Aldehyde

Answer 7

R-H
=O

(CHO)

_anal

Question 8

Carboxylic acid

Answer 8

R-OH
=O

(COOH)

__oic acid

Question 9

Ketone

Answer 9

R-C-R
= O

(CO)

_anone

Question 10

Hydrocarbons combustion

Answer 10

> H2O + CO2

blue flame: saturated
yellow flame + black smoke + sooty deposit: unsaturated (or limited oxygen)

Question 11

CH3Cl
CH2Cl2
CHCl3
CCl4

names + catalyst

Answer 11

Chloro methane (methyl chloride)
Dichloro methane
Trichloro methane/ chloroform
Tetrachloro methane/ Carbon Tetrachloride

uv light

Question 12

addition reaction

other name

catalysts

Answer 12

unsaturated&raquo_space; saturated

ex: veg oil 2 ghee

catalytic hydrogenation

Ni, Pd, Pt

Question 13

oxidation

agents

Answer 13

alcohol&raquo_space; carboxylic acid
CH3OH > CH3COOH

potassium permanganate: ALKALINE
KMnO3

potassium dichromate: ACIDIFIED
K2Cr2O7