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Chemistry > Carbon and its compounds > Flashcards

Carbon and its compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

The property of direct bonding between atoms of same element to form long chains and branches is called ________

A

Catenation

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2
Q

What is catenation?

A

The property of direct bonding between atoms of same element to form long chains and branches is called catenation.

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3
Q

The property by which monomers can be converted to polymers is called _______

A

Polymerisation

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4
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

The property by which monomers can be converted to polymers is called polymerisation.

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5
Q

What is Isomerism?

A

When can compound can have same molecular formula but different structures. That property is called Isomerism.

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6
Q

When can compound can have same molecular formula but different structures. That property is called ________.

A

Isomerism

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6
Q

When can compound can have same molecular formula but different structures. That property is called ________.

A

Isomerism

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7
Q

What are organic compounds?

A

Compounds containing carbon covalently bonded with hydrogen and maybe with some other element is present in it are called organic compounds.

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8
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen are called Hydrocarbons.

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9
Q

What are Inorganic Compounds?

A

They contain carbon bonded with an element and that element is not hydrogen.

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of carbon compounds?

A

Organic and Inorganic compounds.

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of open chain hydrocarbons?

A

Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of open chain hydrocarbons?

A

Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes

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12
Q

What are Alkanes?

A

They are the open chain hydrocarbons which contains Carbon atoms singly bonded to one another.

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13
Q

What are Alkenes?

A

They are the open chain hydrocarbons in which atleast one double bond is present between 2 carbon atoms.

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14
Q

What are alkynes?

A

They are the open chain hydrocarbons in which atleast one triple bond is present between 2 carbon atoms.

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15
Q

Complete the table ->
Hydrocarbons
/ \
A. _______ B. ________

      /         |         \                     /           \

C.____ D.___ E.___ F.___ G.____

The other name of A. is H._____

A 
A. Open Chain Hydrocarbons
B. Closed Chain Hydrocarbons
C. Alkanes
D. Alkenes
E. Alkynes
F. Alicyclic
G. Aromatic
H. Aliphatic
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16
Q

Saturated Hydrocarbons contain ->

A

Alkanes

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17
Q

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons contain ->

A

Alkenes and Alkynes

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18
Q

Complete the tables ->
Closed chain hydrocarbons
/ \
A._______ B.________
/ | \ / \
C.___ D.___ E.___ F.____ G._____

A 
A. Alicyclic
B. Aromatic
C. Cycloalkane
D. Cycloalkene
E. Cycloalkyne
F. Benzenoid
G. Non - Benzenoid
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19
Q

The general formula of Alkane if (A)._____ .
The general formula of Alkene is (B)._____.
The general formula of Alkyne if (C).______.

A

A. C(n) H(2n+2)
B. C(n) H(2n)
C, C(n) H(2n-2)

20
Q

According to IUPAC nomenclature, a hydrocarbon has 2 parts, what are they ->

A

prefix and suffix

21
Q

What determines the prefix and what determines the suffix?

Also explain that nomenclature -

A

Number of carbon atoms determine the prefix and the type of hydrocarbon determine the suffix.
For eg; for 1 Carbon atom , prefix would be ‘Meth-‘.
for 2 Carbon atoms , prefix would be ‘Eth-‘.
for 3 Carbon atoms , prefix would be ‘Prop-‘.
for 4 Carbon atoms , prefix would be ‘But-‘.
for 5 Carbon atoms , prefix would be ‘Pent-‘.
for alkanes , suffix would be ‘-ane’.
for alkenes , suffix would be ‘-ene’.
for alkynes , suffix would be ‘-yne’.

if the compound is cyclic , ‘Cyclo-‘ would be added before the prefix.

22
Q

What is a functional group?

A

An atom or group of atoms present in a molecule which largely determines the chemical properties of that molecule is called functional group,

23
Q

What determines the physical property of a hydrocarbon and what determines the chemical properties of a hydrocarbon?

A

The carbon chain determines the physical property of a hydrocarbon.
the functional group determines the chemical property of a hydrocarbon.

24
Q 
Name the functional groups -> 
1.  -Cl , -F, -Br, -I
2. -OH
3. ------C----OH
           ||
          O 
4.  ------C----H
           ||
          O
5. --------C-----------
              ||
             O
A
  1. halogen
  2. alcohol
  3. carboxylic acid
  4. aldehyde
  5. ketone
25
Q

Are alkenes and alkynes also a part of functional groups in hydrocarbons? State True or False.

A

True.

26
Q

What are Alkyl groups and how are they formed?

A

Alkyl groups (R) are formed by removing 1-H atom from a hydrocarbon. For their naming suffix get changed to ‘-yl’
eg; H H
| |
H—C—H converted to -> H—C—H
| [Methyl]
H
[Methane]
They are a type of functional groups containing only hydrogen and carbon.

27
Q

State the rules for IUPAC nomenclature.

A

The rules for IUPAC nomenclature are -

  1. Identify the number of carbon atoms and give the prefix.
  2. Give it a suffix according to the nature of the hydrocarbon.
  3. If there is a functional group present, then remove the final letter of the word and add the suffix according to the functional group.
28
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

It is a series of compounds with similar chemical properties and some functional group differing from the successive member by CH2. eg; CH4, C2H6,C3H8, etc.

29
Q

State all the chemical properties of carbon compounds .

A

The chemical properties of carbon compounds are -
1. Combustion reaction
• Most carbon compounds produce efficient heat energy on
burning.
• Carbon compounds with less % of carbon atoms do less
pollution. So, unsaturated hydrocarbons do more pollution than
saturated as they have more C-atoms.

  1. Oxidation reaction
    • Alcohol —Oxidation—-> Carboxylic Acid
    eg; C2H5OH —(Alkaline KMnO4 + heat) or (Acidic
    K2Cr2O7 + heat)—— > Ch3COOH
  2. Addition reaction
    • eg; hydrogenation of oil , unsaturated hydrocarbon —H2—>
    saturated hydrocarbon
  3. Substitution reaction
    Methane(less reactive) + Cl2 —> Chloromethane(more reactive) + HCl
    (in the presence of sunlight)
30
Q

State the chemical formula of Ethanol.

A

C2H5OH

31
Q

State the chemical formula and other name of Ethanoic acid.

A

Chemical formula - CH3COOH

Other name - acetic acid

32
Q

State the nature and chemical reactions of Ethanol.

A

It is neutral in nature.
Reaction :
1. 2Na + 2CH3CH2OH —-> 2CH3CH2ONa + H2
(sodium ethoxide)
2. CH3—-CH2OH —Hot conc. H2SO4—–> CH2 + H20
||
CH2

33
Q

State the chemical properties of Ethanoic Acid.

A

The chemical properties of Ethanoic Acid -
1. Esterification
• CH3–COOH + CH3–CH2OH —acid—> CH3-C-O-CH2-CH3
(Ethanoic acid) (Ethanol) ||
O
[ ester ] (sweet smelling compound)

  1. Saponification
    • CH3COOC2H5 —NaOH–> CH3COONa + C2H5OH
    (soap)
  2. 2CH3COOH + 2Na —> 2CH3COONa + H2
  3. CH3COOH + NaOH —> CH3COONa + H2O
  4. CH3COOH + NaHCO3 —> CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
34
Q

How to distinguish between Ethanol and Ethanoic acid?

A

When NaHCO3 is added to ethanoic acid, then it gives CO2, H2O and salt.
while NaHCO3 does not react with Ethanol

35
Q

What are the properties of covalent bonds?

A 
# Properties of covalent Bond: 
 ° Low melting and boiling points too weak inter molecular forces).
° As electrons are shared between atoms and no charged particles are formed in these compounds. There is no polarity.
36
Q

An element replacing hydrogen atom of a carbon compound is called ______

A

Heteroatom

37
Q

Saturated carbon carbons give ___________ flame on burning and unsaturated carbon compounds give ___________ flame on burning.

A

clean, yellow flame/black smoke

38
Q

Why some substances burn with flame while some burn without flame?

A

A flame is only produced when gaseous substances burn. When wood or charcoal is ignited, the volatile substances present vapourise and burn with a flame in the beginning

39
Q

WHy do covalent compounds have low melting and boiling points?

A
  • In covalent compounds atoms are bonded with each other by sharing electrons not by transferring of electrons. The force electrostatic attractive forces present while sharing electrons is quite weak while the electrostatic attractive forces present while transferring of electrons are quite strong. Hence, in the cases of covalent compounds the forces are weak b/w electrons. Hence, the melting points and boiling points of electrons are low.
40
Q

How are carboxylic acids different from normal acids at the ionization point of view?

A

Carboxylic acids are less ionized in solutions as compared to mineral acids such as, HCl, H2SO4, etc.
Due to these reasons, these acids are weaker than mineral acids.

41
Q

Describe an activity to test how ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate.

A

Ethanoic acids reacts with sodium hydrogen carbonate by releasing H2O and CO2.
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 —–> CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
CO2 gas is released.

CO2 gas turn Ca(OH)2 to form CaCO3 which appears milky. In this way, CO2 gas can be tested.

42
Q

What are esters?

A

Esters are a group of organic compounds which contain the functional group (COOR) called ester group. They are sweet smelling as well.

43
Q

what will happen if methane is burnt in the presence of oxygen in air>

A

CH4 + 2O2 —–> 2H2O + CO2

it will produce water and carbon di oxide.

44
Q

what is C60 called?

A

fullerene

45
Q

State the uses and properties of diamond?

A

Properties -

  1. diamond is hard
  2. it has high melting and boiling points
  3. it is a good conductor of heat
  4. a carbon atom is connect to 4 carbon atoms forming a rigid 3d network.

uses -

  1. used in making jewelleries
  2. used as a cutting object
46
Q

State the uses and properties of graphite.

A

Uses ->

  1. used as a lubricant
  2. Used in electric cell
  3. To make core of pencil

properites -

  1. soft
  2. good conductor of electricity
  3. molecules are arrange in a thing sheet
47
Q

melting point of ethanoic acid.

A

290K; freezes during winter

48
Q

which is a good solvent and is used in medicines and syrups.

A

ethanol

Chemistry (2 decks)

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