Carbohydrates Test 2 Flashcards
What is the role of carbohydrates in the body?
They supply glucose to cells for eneergy.
What is glucose stored as?
Glycogen
Where is glycogen stored and how is it released?
Liver - released via hydrolysis into blood
Muscle - hoards glycogen for its own use
What is gluconeogenesis?
Making glucose from protein. The conversion of certain amino acids from body tissues and diet
What is ketosis
Fat fragments hoin to form ketone bodies and provide fuel when body is low on carbohydrates
How is blood glucose homeostasis maintained?
Insulin hormone - glucose from blood into cells
Glucagen hormone - glucose from liver cells into blood
What consistently supplies glucose into bloodstream?
Liver and intestines
What is bodys response when blood glucose levels rise?
- pancrease release insulin
- insulin stimulate uptake of glucose into cells and storage as glycogen in muscle and liver as well as conversion of excess glucose into fat for storage
What is bodys response to declining blood glucose levels?
- stimulates pancrease to release glucagon into bloodstream
- glucogon stimulate liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose in blood
Define type 1 & 2 diabetes?
Type 1: body is unable to produce insulin
Type 2: cells are unable to respond to insulin
What is the glycemic response?
Speed of glucose abosorbtion, blood glucose rises, and speed it returns to normal
What is the glycemic load?
Glycemic intakes x(times) carbohydrate amount
What are common harms of sugar?
Nutrient deficiencies - displace calories that contain nutrients
Dental Caries - sugars fermented to acid by bacteria erodes enamel
What are the recommended intakes of sugar?
Canadas food guide - limit foods with added sugar
DRI - no upper limit, >25% of total daily energy from sugar
WHO - >10% of total daily energy and >5% is better
What are artificial sweeteners
Non nutritive (dont provide energy) Safe in moderate doeses
