carbohydrates (sugars) Flashcards
1
Q
what is ALPHA GLUCOSE?
A
OH molecules BOTH on the BOTTOM
2
Q
what is BETA GLUCOSE?
A
OH molecules on OPPOSITE SIDES - one TOP one BOTTOM
3
Q
what monomer is in CELLULOSE?
A
BETA glucose
4
Q
what monomer is in STARCH?
A
ALPHA glucose
5
Q
what monomer is in GLYCOGEN?
A
ALPHA glucose
6
Q
what is AMYLOSE? (starch)
A
- UNBRANCHED CHAIN of ALPHA glucose
- COILED STRUCTURE = COMPACT
- GOOD FOR STORAGE
7
Q
what is AMYLOPECTIN? (starch)
A
- BRANCHED CHAIN of ALPHA glucose
- SIDE BRANCHES allow GLYCOSIDIC BONDS to be broken easily = glucose released quickly
8
Q
what is GLYCOGEN?
A
- animals STORE EXCESS GLUCOSE as GLYCOGEN
- SIDE BRANCHES to allow for glucose to be RELEASED QUICKLY = important for ENERGY RELEASE
- COMPACT = good for storage
9
Q
what is CELLULOSE?
A
- LONG
- UNBRANCHED CHAIN of BETA glucose
- cellulose chains joined by HYDROGEN BONDS = forms STRONG FIBRES called MICROFIBRILS
- cellulose provides STRUCTURAL SUPPORT in PLANT CELL WALLS
10
Q
what is STARCH?
A
plants STORE EXCESS GLUCOSE as STARCH
11
Q
what are the 2 STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES?
A
AMYLOSE and AMYLOPECTIN
12
Q
NON-REDUCING SUGAR TEST
A
- heat with acid AND neutralise
- heat with benedicts
- red precipitate
