CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS Flashcards
Carbon atom
Ability to form 4 covalent bonds
Unbranched/branched chains or single/multiple rings
Monomers
Molecules that join together to form polymers
Ex. glucose, amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, glycerol
Polymer
Molecules composed of many monomers
Make up macromolecules
Ex. polysaccharide, polypeptide, polynucleotide, triglyceride
Macromolecule
Condensation reaction
Reaction joining two molecules into one, releasing a water molecule
Hydrolysis reaction
Addition of a water molecule to break down a larger molecules (polymers > monomers)
Properties of glucose
Soluble in water due to its polarity (hydrophilic)
Transportable within bodily fluids
Chemically stable
Yields energy - primary fuel for respiration in cells
Starch
Stores energy in plant
Amylose
25% of starches
-1,4- glycosidic bonds
Long chain of alpha glucose molecules
Amylopectin
75% of starches
-1,4- AND -1,6- glycosidic bonds
Long branched chain of alpha glucose molecules
Glycogen
Polysaccharide used to store energy in animals
Highly branched and coiled
Alpha glucose molecules
-1,4- and -1,6- glycosidic bonds
Insoluble compact molecule
Cellulose
Found in plant cell walls
Long straight chain of beta glucose molecules
-1,4- glycosidic bonds (alternating up/down)
Microfibrils
Cellulose molecule groups held together by hydrogen bonds
Maintain structure of cell walls
Glycoproteins
Important proteins located in phospholipid bilayer of cells
Carbohydrates attached act as antigens
Cell to cell adhesion allows formation of tissue
Receptors for hormones
Allow immune system to distinguish between self and non-self cells
ABO blood groups
A - A antigens, B antibodies
B - B antigens, A antibodies
AB - A and B antigens, no antibodies
O - no antigens, A and B antibodies