Carbohydrates I

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

Simple carbs, (sugars) include glucose, galactose and mannose.

Question 2

Aldoses

Answer 2

Monosaccharides with an aldehyde group

Question 3

Glyceraldehyde

Answer 3

A simple triose.

Question 4

Sterioisomers

Answer 4

Mirror images of each other ( ex D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde.

Question 5

Diastereomers

Answer 5

When sugars differ in stereoisomeric configuration.

Question 6

Enantiomers

Answer 6

Stereoisomers are mirror images of each other

Question 7

Epimers

Answer 7

When two sugars differ in configuration of only one carbon

Question 8

Anomers

Answer 8

When sugars differ only in the configuration of the anomeric carbon.

Question 9

Cyclization of monosaccarides

Answer 9

Typically leads to five or six membered rings.

Question 10

Furanoses

Answer 10

5 member rings

Question 11

Pyranoses

Answer 11

6 member rings

Question 12

Glycosides

Answer 12

created by altering the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon. commonly created during the formation of disaccharides and longer carbohydrates.

Question 13

Higher order saccharides

Answer 13

created by linking together more than one sugar residues includes, disaccharides (2), trisaccharides (3), oligosaccharides (several) and polysaccharides (many).

Question 14

Glycosidic bonds

Answer 14

Bonds formed when the anomeric hydroxyl group is altered. After it has been altered the sugar can no longer flip back to its linear form.

Question 15

Reduced sugar

Answer 15

its aldehyde is reduced to an alcohol, Ex Sorbitol- sometimes used as an artificial sweetener.

Question 16

Know the straight chain structures and the ring structures in the furanose and pyranose forms

Answer 16

Ribose, glucose, fructose and galactose.