Carbohydrates & Glycolysis

Question 0

compounds that differ in configuration around ONLY ONE specific carbon atom with exceptin of the carboxyl carbon

Answer 0

Epimers

Question 1

compounds that have same chemical formula but different structures
C6H12O6

Answer 1

Isomers

Question 2

pairs of structures that are MIRROR Image of each other ..

are designated as D-sugar and L-sugar

Answer 2

Enantiomers

Question 3

sugars are convertible between linear form and ring form

most are in th cyclic or ring form

Answer 3

anomers

Question 4

can convert spontaneously through process

no need enzyme

Answer 4

mutarotation

Question 5

transporter in all sugar

facilitated diffusion

Answer 5

GLUT 2

Question 6

transporter occurs in GUT kidneys

fxn: absorption of Fructose, glucose, galactose

Answer 6

GLUT 5

Question 7

secondary active transport
Na / hexose symporter
for glucose and galactose

Answer 7

SGLT 1

Question 8

glycemic index

low glycemic index is beneficial in DM AND DIETING

Answer 8

inc in blood glucose after a test dose of a CHO compared with that after equivalent amt of glucose
tells how fast absorption

Question 9

example of anabolic - synthesis of compound from smaller raw materials

Answer 9

CHON and triglycerides synthesis, glycogenesis

Question 10

example of catabolic - breakdown of larger molecules

Answer 10

glycolysis, beta oxidation, glycogenolysis

Question 11

example of amphibolic

Answer 11

citric acid cycle

Question 12

second messenger of insulin and growth factor

Answer 12

tyrosine kinase

Question 13

2nd msgr that activate CHON kinase C and release intracellilar Ca

Answer 13

DAG, inositol triphosphate

Question 14

Transporter all tissues esp red cell brain

Answer 14

GLUT 1

Question 15

transporter for brain

Answer 15

GLUT 1 & 3

Question 16

differentiate 2types of glycolysis

Answer 16

aerobic - cells with mitochondria and adequate O2 supply,
PYRUVATE, ex. resting muscle
anaerobic - cells without ….
LACTATE ex. rbc, exercising muscle cramps…

Question 17

rate limiting reaction of glycolytic pathway, pace setting enzyme of glycolysis

Answer 17

PFK 1

Question 18

fxn of PKF 2?

Answer 18

converts F-6-P to F-2,6-BP, activate to enhance PFK 1

Question 19

is the second most common cause ( after glucose 6 phospate DH deficiency) of enzyme def. related chronic HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
most common enzyme defect in glycolysis

Answer 19

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

Question 20

how many net mol. of ATP can be produced from 1 glucose mol. via substrate - level phosphorylation?

Answer 20

2 ATP molecules

Question 21

in what part of the cell can you find the electron transport chain

Answer 21

inner mitochondrial mem.

Question 22

activator of PFK 1?

inhibitor?

Answer 22

activator: F 2,6 BP & AMP
inhibitor: ATP & citrate

Question 23

found in RBC where phosphoglycerate kinase is bypassed,
it is also binds to hgb to let go oxygen. “kabit” to let go oxygen.. higher altitude environment so oxygen will release..

Answer 23

2,3 Bisphosphoglycerate

Question 24

inhibits pyruvate DH by binding to lipoic acid

Answer 24

arsenic poisoning

Question 25

most common biochemical cause of congenital lactic acidosis
x-linked dominant condition, inc. lactate, dec acetyl CoA.
tx. ketogenic diet

Answer 25

Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 26

co enzyme of conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Answer 26

lipoic acid, NAD, FAD, Thiamine pyrophosphate, Coenzyme A - pantothenic acid