carbohydrates, fatty acids and lipids Flashcards
what are the roles of carbohydrates?
they coat cell surfaces
they’re used for the modification of secreted proteins to protect them from degradation
they form part of receptors for lots of pathogens
they form the basic blood groups
what are carbohydrates made from?
monosaccharides linked by glycosidic linkages
what do the names of all the sugars end in?
-ose
what type of molecules are monosaccharides?
aldehydes and ketones
what are the basic names of the monosacharides?
3C monosaccharides- triose
4C monosaccharides= tetraoses
5C monosaccharides = pentoses
6C monosaccharides = hexoses
7C monosaccharises= heptoses
what form is glucose mostly in?
the ring form as its more energetically stable
what makes hemiacetals?
an aldehyde group and an alcohol
how are sugar alcohols formed?
by a reduction reaction of the aldehyde group of glucose to a hydroxyl group
what are sugar alcohols used in?
theyre used in food suitable for diabetics as its sweet tasting but doesn’t have glucose in it
what is the difference in energy between glucose and sugar alcohol?
the energy in sugar alcohols is about half the energy of glucose
what do phosphorylated sugars do?
they can be taken up by the cell, then go thought the cell and then diffuse back out so it is phosphorylated
how are phosphorylated sugars made?
theyre made by the addition of a phosphoric group onto a monoaccharide- this makes the sugar anionic to trap the sugars within the cell and create a reactive intermediate in sugar metabolism
how many monosaccharides do disaccharides have? and what type of reaction forms them?
2- and theyre formed by a condensation reaction
how many monosaccharides form oligosaccharides?
3-10
are olgiosaccharides digestable?
no, thyre not usually digestable