Carbohydrates and Health

Question 1

refers to how quickly carbs are digested, how high blood glucose rise, how quickly blood glucose levels return to normal

Answer 1

Glycemic effect

Question 2

Glycemic index

Answer 2

developed for rating foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose

Question 3

the less common type of diabetes with no insulin produced by the body

Answer 3

Type 1 diabetes

Question 4

The more common
type of diabetes where fat cells resist insulin

Answer 4

Type 2 diabetes

Question 5

low blood glucose and
can often be controlled by dietary changes

Answer 5

Hypoglycemia

Question 6

Sugar that is added to foods during processing, cooking, or before eating

Answer 6

Added Sugar

Question 7

Sugar that is naturally found in whole, unprocessed foods such as fruits.

Answer 7

Natural Sugar

Question 8

Not all natural sugars are nutritious. Example is:

Answer 8

Honey

Question 9

Protection from heart disease and stroke

Answer 9

Starch and Fibers

Question 10

bind with bile and thereby lower blood cholesterol levels

Answer 10

Soluble fibers

Question 11

How do fibers decrease type 2 DM?

Answer 11

decrease glucose absorption

Question 12

Harmful effects of excessive fiber intake

Answer 12

• Displaces energy and nutrient-dense foods
• Abdominal discomfort and distention
• May interfere with nutrient absorption

Question 13

Recommended intake for carbohydrate by RDA

Answer 13

130 g, 45% - 65% energy intake

Question 14

Recommended intake of fibers from FDA

Answer 14

25 grams for 2000 kcalorie diet

Question 15

encourage whole grains

Answer 15

grains

Question 16

starchy and non-starchy
vegetables differ in carbohydrate content

Answer 16

vegetable

Question 17

vary in water, fiber and sugar
content

Answer 17

fruits

Question 18

contain carbohydrate; cheese is low

Answer 18

milks and milk products

Question 19

meats are low but nuts and legumes have some carbohydrate

Answer 19

meat and meath alternaties

Question 20

also called nonnutritive sweeteners

Answer 20

Artificial sweeteners

Question 21

• Used primarily in soft drinks and as a tabletop sweetener
• Rapidly excreted in the urine
• Does not accumulate in the body
• Has been removed from list of cancer causing substances

Answer 21

Saccharin

Question 22

General purpose sweetener
- Warning about phenylalanine for those with PKU
- Controversial finding that aspartame may have caused cancer in rats
- Excessive intake should be avoided by those with epilepsy

Answer 22

Aspartame

Question 23

A genetic mutation, inability to make phenylalanine hydroxylase

Answer 23

PKU (phenylketonuria)

Question 24

metabolic breakdown of phenylalanine produces a number of key compounds needed by our bodies like

Answer 24

melanin and thyroxine

Question 25

problems arising from PKU

Answer 25

problems in brain development - lead to mental retardation and seizures

Question 26

people with pku take ___ supplements to produce melaning and thyroxine

Answer 26

tyrosine

Question 27

PKU is a recessive

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Acesulfame-K (acesulfame potassium)

Answer 28

Research confirms safety

Question 29

Sucralose

Answer 29

made from sugar passes through digestive tract

Question 30

Neotame

Answer 30

most recent on market very sweet phenylalanine not an issue

Question 31

Tagatose (magic sugar)

Answer 31

Used for foods and beverages Provides less kcalories than sugar High doses can cause flatulence and loose stools.

Question 32

Alitame and Cyclamate

Answer 32

pending FDA approval approved in other countries

Question 33

Stevia

Answer 33

dietary supplement no required testing and FDA approval

Question 34

also called nutritive sweeteners, sugar alcohols, and polyols

Answer 34

sugar replacers

Question 35

examples of sugar replacers

Answer 35

maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, isomalt, lactilol

Question 36

Sugar replacers

Answer 36

absorbed more slowly and metabolized differently in the body - low glycemic responsen - SE = GI discomfort

Question 37

T/F. Using artificial sweeteners will not automatically reduce energy intake.

Answer 37

True