Carbohydrates Flashcards
Are carbohydrates macronutrients or micronutrients?
Macronutrients
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
To provide the body with energy
What are the three types of carbohydrates?
Sugar, Starch & Fibre
Sugars help provide ____ ________
Empty Calories
Sugar can also…
Provide Energy
Sweeten / Add Flavours to Foods
What are the two distinct structures of sugars?
Monosaccharides & Disaccharides
Monosaccharides are sometimes referred to as ….
Simple Sugars
Name 3 examples of monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
How are disaccharides created?
When two monosaccharides are joined together
Name 3 disaccharide examples
Lactose
Sucrose
Maltose
What are the two types of sugars?
Intrinsic, Extrinsic
Where are intrinsic sugars found?
Naturally in fruits and vegetables
They can’t be seen by the naked eye
What are extrinsic sugars?
Processed sugars
They can be seen by the naked eye
Name 3 health problems associated with high consumption of extrinsic sugars
Obesity
Tooth Decay
Type 2 Diabetes
Non-sugars are known as…
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides are long chains of…
Monosaccharides & Disaccharides joined together
Simple structures of polysaccharides include…
Starch & Fibre
Complex polysaccharides include…
Pectin
Starchy foods provide a _____ release of energy
Slow
Starchy foods release ______ in a ______ manner
Glucose, Steady
What happens when an excess of starch is consumed?
It is stored as fat
What does NSP stand for?
Non-Starch Polysaccharide
Fibre isn’t…
Broken down by the body to release energy
Where is soluble fibre found?
Flesh of fruits and vegetables
Oats and lentils
Soluble fibre can speed up…
The rate of digestion
Soluble fibre keeps ________ levels down
Cholesterol
Where is insoluble fibre found?
Fruits and Vegetable Skins
Wholegrain Cereals
What does insoluble fibre do?
Acts as a bulking agent, allowing waste products to be properly removed from the body
What are 3 things too little fibre in the diet can lead to?
Constipation
Bowel Disorders
Appendicitus
Adults should consume __g of fibre per day
30
