Carbohydrates

Question 1

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 1

It is a sugar molecule that has a carbonyl group on one of its carbons, whilst the other carbons have hydroxyl groups.

Question 2

What is the difference between aldose and ketose?

Answer 2

Aldose has an aldehyde functional group, the carbonyl group is on the flank of the molecule.
Ketose has a Ketone functional group, the carbonyl group is not on the flank of the molecule.

Question 3

What are the respective suffix used for name Aldose and Ketose?

Answer 3

Aldose uses the suffix -ose

Ketose uses the suffix -ulose

Question 4

What is structural isomerism?

Answer 4

Structural isomerism is where two molecules only differ in how the molecule is joined together.

Question 5

What is stereoisomerism?

Answer 5

This is where two molecules are identical in contents and bonding, however the arrangement in space differs. That is too say that the molecules are no longer super-imposable. They can either be enantiomers or diastereomers.

Question 6

What is the difference between enantiomers and diastereomers?

Answer 6

A enantiomers is the mirror image of a molecule, however is not superimposable.
A diastereomer is any other arrangment that is still not superimposable.