Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the ratio of carbon to water molecules in:
A) monosaccharides
b) disaccharides and polysaccharides
a) exactly 1:1
b) close to 1:1, but slightly more carbon molecules, as to form chains of saccharides the molecule must lose one or more water molecules via dehydration synthesis
What are the 3 categories of carbohydrates?
1) monosaccharides
2) disaccharides
3) polysaccharides
A monosaccharide will always have 1 oxygen in a carbonyl (C=O) group. What functional group will the other Oxygen atoms form?
The rest of the oxygen atoms will form hydroxyl functional groups.
What is the most common naturally occuring:
- Structural (atoms bonded in different order) isomer of glucose and
- stereoisomer (same bonding order but different spatial orientation) isomer of glucose.
Stereoisomer: Galactose
Structural Isomer: Fructose
When glucose is in its cyclic form, the oxygen from the carbonyl group can either be above or below the rest of the ring.
What form is glucose in when the O is below the ring?
It’s alpha form.
if it is above the ring it is in its beta form.
Explain the process of dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction)
A dehydration reaction is a conversion that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule or ion.
The hydroxyl group of 1 monosaccharide combines with the hydrogen of another, releasing a molecule of water and forming a covalent bond known as a glycosidic linkage.
Which form of sugar do:
A) plants store energy in?
B) humans (and other vertebrates) store energy in?
A) starch
Plants store unused energy as starch in their roots and seeds
B) Glycogen - stored mainly in the liver and muscle cells.
Glucose has many isomers. What is the most commonly occurring one in biology?
The enantiomer D-Glucose
Maltose is a disaccharide comprised of which 2 sugar molecules?
Two glucose molecules
