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Biology Year 1 > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

why do we need carbohydrates?

A

for energy

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2
Q

what are carbohydrates made up of?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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3
Q

what type of compounds are carbohydrates?

A

organic compounds

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4
Q

what are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides, dissacharides, polysaccharides

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5
Q

what are monosaccharides?

A

the simplest single sugars

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6
Q

what happens when monosaccharides dissolve in water?

A

create a sweet tasting solution

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7
Q

what type of monosaccharide is glucose

A

a HEXOSE monosaccharide

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8
Q

what are alpha glucose and beta glucose?

A

isomers

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9
Q

what type of monosaccharide is ribose?

A

a PENTOSE monosaccharide

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10
Q

where is deoxyribose found?

A

DNA

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11
Q

where is ribose found?

A

RNA

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12
Q

what bond is formed between 2 monosachharides (a dissacharide)?

A

a glycosidic bond- e.g. when 2 glucose join the bond is between carbon 1 and carbon 4

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13
Q

what reaction occurs when joining 2 monosaccharides?

A

condensation reaction- removing h20; it becomes the product

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14
Q

what is the reaction when breaking up a dissacharide?

A

hydrolysis reaction- using h20 to break the glycosidic bond

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15
Q

what are three types of polysaccharides?

A

starch, glycogen and cellulose

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16
Q

function of starch

A

main storage polysaccharide in plants

17
Q

what is starch made of?

A

alpha glucose and fructose- insoluble

18
Q

what are the 2 polymers of alpha glucose?

A

amylase and amylopectin

19
Q

function and structure of amylose

A

helix structure of glucose molecules; good for packaging- good storage

20
Q

function and structure of amylopectin

A

chains of glucose molecules; branches can be hydrolysed and energy can be released quickly

21
Q

function of glycogen

A

main storage of animal and fungi cells

22
Q

structure and its function of glycogen

A

similar to amylopectin- has more branches and is compact so energy is released quickly

23
Q

function of cellulose

A

structure of plants

24
Q

structure and its function of cellulose

A

long chains of unbranched beta glucose molecules with hydrogen bonding preventing h20 entering- cell wall

25
Q

what is maltose made of?

A

glucose + glucose

26
Q

what is sucrose made of?

A

glucose + fructose

27
Q

what is lactose made of?

A

glucose + galactose

Biology Year 1 (5 decks)

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