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Molecules > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Identify this type of carbohydrate

A

Aldose

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2
Q

Name this aldose molecule

A

Aldotriose

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3
Q

What are ketoses?

A

Monosaccharides with a ketone group

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4
Q

Identify this type of carbohydrate

A

Ketose

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5
Q

Name this molecule

A

Ketohexose

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6
Q

How do you draw carbohydrates to follow the fischer pattern?

A

Most oxidative branch at the top

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7
Q

How do you determine if it is a D or L isomer?

A

The OH furthest from the most oxidative chain, if on left hand side it is L, on the right R

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8
Q

Name this carbohydrate

A

D-glucose

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9
Q

Why is glucose important?

A

Monosaccharide of polymers such as starch, cellulose and glycogen

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10
Q

What is the difference between D-glucose and D-galactose?

A

Body cannot digest D-galactose

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11
Q

What is Glactosemia?

A

Lack of enzymes, causes liver and brain problems,

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12
Q

What is a cylic structure in monosaccharides?

A

A ring formed from 5 or 6 carbon atoms

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13
Q

Explain the process to form a cyclic structure?

A
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14
Q

What is the difference between alpha-D-Glucose and beta-D-Glucose?

A

The OH on carbon 1 is pointing up for beta and downwards for alpha

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15
Q

What happens when cyclic structures are placed in water?

A

They open and close, the first carbon forms a aldehyde

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16
Q

Describe the cyclic structure of glucose

A
17
Q

How and why can we test for aldoses and ketoses?

A

They are reducing sugars so can reduce inorganic metals like Cu2+

18
Q

Describe the mechanism that tests for glucose

A
19
Q

What can be used as an indicator of diabetic level?

A

HbA1c levels in blood

20
Q

How does lactose intolerance start?

A

Lack of lactase in small intestine causing bacteria to ferment lactose in the colon

21
Q

What is glycogen?

A

The form in which the body stores glucose

22
Q

What is the bond called which connects the units of glucose in glycogen?

A

alpha-1,6-Glycosidic bond

23
Q
A

Molecules (4 decks)

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