carbohydrates

Question 1

what elements do carbs contain

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 2

what are the monomers of carbohydrates

- an example

Answer 2

monosaccharides

- eg glucose

Question 3

what are the dimers of carbohydrates

- an example

Answer 3

disaccharides

- maltose

Question 4

what are the polymers of carbohydrates

Answer 4

polysaccharides

- cellulose

Question 5

what are the bonds between carbohydrate molecules

Answer 5

glycosidic

Question 6

what are 3 functions of carbohydrates

Answer 6

energy storage, energy supply, structure in organisms

Question 7

what is the general formula for carbohydrate monomers

Answer 7

Cn(H2)0n

Question 8

define pentose, hexose and triose, furanose

- an example of each

Answer 8

pentose
carbon ring of 5 carbons
ribose

hexose
carbon ring of 6 carbons
glucose

triose
carbon ring of 3 carbons
glyceraldehyde

furanose - carbon ring of 4 carbons

Question 9

draw an a glucose, a b glucose and a ribose

Answer 9

drawwwwww plssssssss or u fail

Question 10

draw a simplified a glucose and a b glucose

Answer 10

I beg u pls for me

Question 11

define isomer

Answer 11

two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms

Question 12

describe the difference between a glucose and b glucose

Answer 12

a glucose: hydroxyl group on first carbon is below

b glucose: hydroxyl group on first carbon is above

Question 13

compare between glucose and ribose:

• no. of carbons
• polar?
• hydro…
• group name
• formula

Answer 13

glucose ribose
6 5
yes yes
philic philic
hexose pentose
C6H12O6 C5H10O5

Question 14

3 examples of disacharides and water monomers they are composed

Answer 14

maltose
- a glucose + a glucose

sucrose
- a glucose + fructose

lactose
- a glucose + galactose

Question 15

functions of maltose, sucrose and lactose

where each one is found

Answer 15

maltose:

• found in the intestines
• produced by breakdown of amylose - each seed germination

sucrose:

• found in phloem
• used to transport glucose

lactose
- found in milk

Question 16

draw the condensation reaction that joins two molecules of glucose

Answer 16

draw with urrr haaaaands

1-4 glycosidic bond
where is the molecule of water from?

Question 17

draw hydrolysis of maltose

- describe how it happens and why water is needed

Answer 17

• the 2 hydrogen and oxygen is needed to break the bond and finish the H and hydroxyl group on the end

Question 18

why does a glucose bond to form starch

why does b glucose bond to form cellulose

Answer 18

starch:

• the hydroxyl group on the first carbon is below the molecule. this is the same as on the 4th carbon,
• this straight chain then coils to form a helical monomer of starch

cellulose:

• b glucose bonds to make straight monomers.
• the hydroxyl group on the first carbon is above the molecule. the hydroxyl group on the 4th carbon is below. they are too far away to bond so one molecule flips over
• this causes straight chain monomers called cellulose

Question 19

what are the 2 polysaccharides of starch called

Answer 19

• amylose

- amylopectin

Question 20

functions of starch, cellulose and glycogen

Answer 20

starch
broken down to glucose for respiration

cellulose
structural support in cell walls

glycogen
energy storage

Question 21

what is glycogen (vv brief)

Answer 21

the equivalent to starch in animals and fungi

Question 22

describe the structure of cellulose

Answer 22

b glucose bonds, forming a straight chain monomer.
- this is a microfibril
- microfibrils join to form macrofibril. joined by pectin
macrofibrils join to form cellulose
- join with hydrogen bonds

• high tensile strength
• permeable to water
• supports plant cells

-

Question 23

relate the structural properties to the functions of starch, cellulose and glycogen

Answer 23

starch:
helix = compact, can fit lots in a small space
insoluble = doesn’t affect water potential, doesn’t diffuse
(branched)

cellulose:
strong 
insoluble 
permeable to water
resistant to hydrolysis

all these features are essential as cellulose forms the plant cell wall

glycogen:
helix
insoluble
very branched - more ends to have condensation / hydrolysis. rapidly to support highly active animal cells