Carbohydrates Flashcards
Monosaccharides
Glucose: fruit, honey
Fructose: milk
Galactose: fruit
DP = 1
Classification of carbohydrates
What influences physiological/chemical properties?
DP=degree of polymerisation
Monosaccharide composition and type of linkage
What are monosaccharides linked by?
Glycosidic bonds
Alpha and beta
Beta can’t be digested as don’t have enzymes
Disaccharides
DP= ?
Examples?
DP=2
Sucrose, lactose and maltose
What is sucrose?
Example?
Alpha-1,2 linked glu-fru
Sugar cane
What is lactose?
Example?
Beta-1,4 linked gal-glu
Milk and dairy produce
What is maltose?
Example?
Alpha-1,4 linked glu-glu
Sprouted grain
Malt beverages beer
Oligosaccharides
DP= ?
Two sub groups?
DP=3-9
Alpha glucans
Non-alpha glucans
Oligosaccharides:
Alpha-glucans
Bonds?
Where is it found?
Alpha-1,4 or alpha 1,6
Starch
Oligosaccharides:
Non-alpha glucans
Where are they found?
Why can’t we break them down?
What are they not susceptible to?
Peas, beans and lentils
Don’t have enzymes present
Pancreatic or brush border enzyme breakdown
Polysaccharides
DP=?
Two sub groups?
DP>9
Alpha glucans
Non-alpha glucans
Polysaccharides:
Alpha glucans
Examples and information
Starch: two polymers of glucose (amylose and amylopectin)
Modified starch: chemical processing and plant breeding techniques
Glycogen: branched polymer. Break down and use for energy
What is amylose?
Linear polymer with alpha-1,4 bonds
What is amylopectin?
Branched polymer
Alpha-1,4 bonds
Then alpha-1,6 bonds at branch points
Another word for alpha glucans?
Glycaemic carbohydrates
