Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
monomer?
A
monosaccharide
2
Q
Chemicals?
A
carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen
3
Q
Glucose structure
A
- hexose monosaccharide (6 carbons)
- 2 types: alpha and beta
4
Q
alpha glucose structure
A
look at notes
5
Q
beta glucose structure
A
look at notes
6
Q
glucose function
A
- acts as a main energy storage in animals and plants
- structure makes it soluble so it can be easily transported
- chemical bonds contain lots of energy
7
Q
How is a disaccharide formed?
A
-2 monosaccharides join together in a condensation reaction. A glycosidic bond is formed and water is released
8
Q
Starch properties
A
- compact
- easily digestible
- made of amylose (mainly) and amylopectin
- insoluble so doesn’t cause water to enter cells by osmosis which would make them swell up
9
Q
Starch function
A
storage of energy in plants
10
Q
Amylose properties/structure
A
- long chains of alpha glucose (unbranched)
- joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- insoluble
- metabolically inactive
- coiled into a spiral (compact for storage)
- held together by hydrogen bonds
11
Q
Amylopectin properties/structure
A
- long, branched chains of alpha glucose
- joined by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- many side branches which enzymes can break down to reach glycosidic bonds easily so glucose can be released quickly
12
Q
Glycogen properties/structure
A
- short, branched chains of alpha glucose
- joined by 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- compact so good for storage
- more side branches so stored glucose can be released quickly
13
Q
Glycogen function
A
- main energy storage in animals
14
Q
Cellulose properties/structure
A
- long, unbranched chain of beta glucose
- 1-4 glcyosidic bonds
- beta glucose molecules bond forming straight cellulose chains
- chains linked by hydrogen bonds forming strong fibres called microfibrils (compact)
- every other glucose residue is orientated at 180 degrees
15
Q
Cellulose function
A
- provides structural support for cells e.g. cell wall
- strong
- humans cant digest it
