Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are the three things that only use carbs as their energy source?
Brain, some nerve cells and developing red blood cells.
What are carbs made out of?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
What is the water to carbon molecule ratio in a carb?
One to one
What are simple carbohydrates and what are some examples?
they are sugars. e.g. monosaccharides, disaccharides and pairs of monosaccharides.
what is a hexoses?
the shape most simple sugars take. Six carbon hexagon, twelve hydrogen atoms and six oxygen atoms. C6H12O6.
Three important monosaccharides are…? How are they similar but different?
Glucose, Fructose and Galactose. All have same number of atoms but are arranged differently.
Facts about Glucose
Primary energy source for body. Basis of disaccharides and polysaccharides. Known as blood sugar or dextrose.
Facts about Fructose
Occurs naturally in honey and fruits. The sweetest type. Basis for high fructose corn syrup.
Facts about Galactose
Occurs naturally as a single sugar, but rarely.
Three important disaccharides and their desriptions
Maltose - two glucose units, produced from starch break down, germination of seeds and the fermentation. Not common in food but occurs in barley.
Sucrose - fructose and glucose units, table sugar, refined from sugarcane, beets and is common in food.
Lactose - galactose and glucose combined, found in dairy products.
Complex carb sructure can be two things… name of carb with 3-10 glycosidic bonds…more than ten?
Branched or straight
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides
Other types of complex carbs are…
Glycogen - storage form of glucose in animals
Starches - storage of glucose in plants, can’t be digested by humans
Enzyme in mouth that starts break down of CHO
salivary amylase
Fiber provides what feeling in our stomache?
fullness or satiety
What is gluconeogenesis?
Process of making glucose from a non-CHO source. Protein to glucose. Protein source is often muscle tissue.
