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SE5101 Sport & Nutrition > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Which cells use carbohydrates alone for fuel?

A

Those in the brain, nervous system and blood

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2
Q

During high-intensity exercise, _______ get most of their energy from carbohydrates

A

Muscles

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3
Q

During digestion, carbohydrates are broken into single sugar molecules such as ________ (3)

A

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

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4
Q

The primary function of dietary carbohydrate is to supply _______ to body cells

A

Energy

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5
Q

Another name for a single sugar molecule is ________

A

Monosaccharide

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6
Q

Where is glycogen stored? (2)

A

Muscles and Liver

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7
Q

Two sugar molecules bonded together are called ________

A

Disaccharides

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8
Q

Chains of sugar molecules (>10) are called ________

A

Polysaccharides

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9
Q

3 to 10 sugar molecules bonded together are called ________

A

Oligosaccharides

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10
Q

3 examples of Monosaccharides are…

A
  1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Galactose
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11
Q

3 examples of Disaccharides are…

A
  1. Sucrose 2. Maltose 3. Lactose
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12
Q

3 examples of Sugar Alcohols are…

A
  1. Sorbitol 2. Mannitol 3. Xylitol
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13
Q

2 examples of Oligosaccharides (3-10 sugars) are…

A
  1. Raffinose 2. Stachyose
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14
Q

3 examples of Polysaccharides (>10) are…

A
  1. Starch 2. Glycogen 3. Most fibers
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15
Q

Glucose is also called blood sugar or _____

A

Dextrose

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16
Q

Fructose is also called fruit sugar or _______

A

Levulose

17
Q

Galactose forms milk sugar also known as ______

A

Lactose.

  • The body converts galactose to glucose for energy metabolism
18
Q

Combining two monosaccharide molecules forms a ______

A

Disaccharide

19
Q

Every disaccharide includes glucose as a principle component. Complete the equation:
Glucose + Fructose = ______

A

Sucrose

20
Q

Every disaccharide includes glucose as a principle component. Complete the equation:
Glucose + Galactose = ______

A

Lactose

21
Q

Every disaccharide includes glucose as a principle component. Complete the equation:
Glucose + Glucose = ______

A

Maltose

22
Q

Polysaccharide = ten or more monosaccharides which are joined by _______ bonds

A

Glycosidic

23
Q

Name the two types of Polysaccharides

A
  1. Starch
  2. Non-starch
24
Q

Potatoes, wheat, maize (corn), and rice are examples of _____

A

Starch

25
Q

Starch consists of two types of molecules. What are they?

A
  1. Amylose (linear)
  2. Amylopectin (branched)
26
Q

What is the chemical formula for Carbohydrate?

A

CH2​O

27
Q

A high glycaemic index (HGI) rating has a high ______ ______ response

A

Blood Glucose.

  • A classification system called glycaemic index (GI) was developed to rank CH2O containing foods based on the blood glucose response against a reference food.
28
Q

A low glycaemic index (LGI) rating has a low ______ ______ response

A

Blood Glucose.

  • A classification system called glycaemic index (GI) was developed to rank CH2O containing foods based on the blood glucose response against a reference food.
29
Q

What are the RDI guidelines for total CH2O intake? (%)

A

50-55% of total energy

30
Q

RDI guidelines state sucrose and other free sugars be no more than ____% of total energy?

A

15%

31
Q

RDI guidelines state dietary fiber be ____ grams per day?

A

25-30 grams

32
Q

What is the triple threat from consuming too much sugar?

A
  1. Greatly increase calorie intake
  2. No nutritional value
  3. Displace healthy foods
33
Q

What are the benefits of cutting out extra sugar from your diet?

A
  1. Lowered bad cholesterol
  2. Reduced blood pressure
  3. Lowered triglycerides
34
Q

Product of photosynthesis, major source of energy in our body

A

Glucose

35
Q

Commonly found in fruits & used commercially in many beverages

A

Fructose

36
Q

Not normally found in nature alone, normally found in disaccharide lactose

A

Galactose

SE5101 Sport & Nutrition (2 decks)

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