Carbohydrates Flashcards
Which cells use carbohydrates alone for fuel?
Those in the brain, nervous system and blood
During high-intensity exercise, _______ get most of their energy from carbohydrates
Muscles
During digestion, carbohydrates are broken into single sugar molecules such as ________ (3)
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
The primary function of dietary carbohydrate is to supply _______ to body cells
Energy
Another name for a single sugar molecule is ________
Monosaccharide
Where is glycogen stored? (2)
Muscles and Liver
Two sugar molecules bonded together are called ________
Disaccharides
Chains of sugar molecules (>10) are called ________
Polysaccharides
3 to 10 sugar molecules bonded together are called ________
Oligosaccharides
3 examples of Monosaccharides are…
- Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Galactose
3 examples of Disaccharides are…
- Sucrose 2. Maltose 3. Lactose
3 examples of Sugar Alcohols are…
- Sorbitol 2. Mannitol 3. Xylitol
2 examples of Oligosaccharides (3-10 sugars) are…
- Raffinose 2. Stachyose
3 examples of Polysaccharides (>10) are…
- Starch 2. Glycogen 3. Most fibers
Glucose is also called blood sugar or _____
Dextrose
Fructose is also called fruit sugar or _______
Levulose
Galactose forms milk sugar also known as ______
Lactose.
- The body converts galactose to glucose for energy metabolism
Combining two monosaccharide molecules forms a ______
Disaccharide
Every disaccharide includes glucose as a principle component. Complete the equation:
Glucose + Fructose = ______
Sucrose
Every disaccharide includes glucose as a principle component. Complete the equation:
Glucose + Galactose = ______
Lactose
Every disaccharide includes glucose as a principle component. Complete the equation:
Glucose + Glucose = ______
Maltose
Polysaccharide = ten or more monosaccharides which are joined by _______ bonds
Glycosidic
Name the two types of Polysaccharides
- Starch
- Non-starch
Potatoes, wheat, maize (corn), and rice are examples of _____
Starch
Starch consists of two types of molecules. What are they?
- Amylose (linear)
- Amylopectin (branched)
What is the chemical formula for Carbohydrate?
CH2O
A high glycaemic index (HGI) rating has a high ______ ______ response
Blood Glucose.
- A classification system called glycaemic index (GI) was developed to rank CH2O containing foods based on the blood glucose response against a reference food.
A low glycaemic index (LGI) rating has a low ______ ______ response
Blood Glucose.
- A classification system called glycaemic index (GI) was developed to rank CH2O containing foods based on the blood glucose response against a reference food.
What are the RDI guidelines for total CH2O intake? (%)
50-55% of total energy
RDI guidelines state sucrose and other free sugars be no more than ____% of total energy?
15%
RDI guidelines state dietary fiber be ____ grams per day?
25-30 grams
What is the triple threat from consuming too much sugar?
- Greatly increase calorie intake
- No nutritional value
- Displace healthy foods
What are the benefits of cutting out extra sugar from your diet?
- Lowered bad cholesterol
- Reduced blood pressure
- Lowered triglycerides
Product of photosynthesis, major source of energy in our body
Glucose
Commonly found in fruits & used commercially in many beverages
Fructose
Not normally found in nature alone, normally found in disaccharide lactose
Galactose
