carbohydrates 3- glycolysis

Question 1

what is meant by glycolysis?

Answer 1

The process by which Glucose/G-6-P and other sugars are used to store small quantities of ATP using substrate- level phosphorylation when 02 or mitochondria are absent.

Question 2

Which are the irreversible steps in glycolysis

Answer 2

1- Phosphorylation of Glucose to G-6-P
2- Phosphorylation of F-6-P to F-6-biP
3- Transfer of P from phosphoenoylpyruvate (PEP) to ADP to produce pyruvate and ATP

Question 3

where is NAD+ needed?

Answer 3

It is needed in the phosphorylation of G-3-P to 1,3-G-3-BIp

Question 4

Pyruvate to Lactate

Answer 4

In muscle cells involved in vigorous exercise or RBCs with no mitochondria.
Uses lactate dehydrogenase.
NADH + H+ = NAD+

Question 5

pyruvate to ethanol

Answer 5

In yeast
2 step reaction;
1- pyruvate to acetylaldehyde using pyruvate carboxylase- CO2 produced
2-acetylaldehyde to ethanol using ethanol dehydrogenase

Question 6

pyruvate to acetyl CoA and C02

Answer 6

when 02 present.

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.