Carbohydrates Flashcards
The 3 main monosaccharides are:
Their main function is:
glucose, fructose, galactose
energy
The 3 main disaccharides are:
maltose, sucrose, lactose
transport molecule
The 3 main polysaccharides are:
starch, glycogen, cellulose
storage
Chemical formula for hexose sugars and 4 main types:
C6H12O6. alpha/beta glucose, fructose, galactose.
Define isomer
substances that have the same chemical formula but their structural formulas differ.
What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?
Beta glucose is the same molecule however the hydrogen atom and hydroxyl group are inverted at carbon 1.
formation disaccharides invloves:
condensation reactions (when water is produced). one hydrogen atom and one hyrdoxyl group are taken from the monosaccharide molecules and bond to form water.
Chemical formula for disaccharides
C12H22O11
glucose+glucose=
glucose+galactose=
glucose+fructose=
maltose+water
lactose+water
sucrose+water
What is a hyrdolysis reaction?
involves the breaking down of a larger molecule into two smaller molecules by the chemical insertion of a water molecule.
Hydrolysis of sucrose
Sucrose+water+
glucose+fructose
Hydrolysis reactions can be brought about by:
heating with an acid
enzymes e.g sucrase
2 groups of polysacchararides based on function are:
energy storage- glycogen and starch
structural function- cellulose, chitin
Which isomer forms starch and glycogen?
alpha glucose
How is starch’s structure suited to its function?
helical shape allows for compact storage, branched molecule so lots of glucose can be stored in given space which is also easily retrievable.
