Carbohydrates Flashcards
Where is glycogen found?
Glycogen:
- Mostly found in liver and muscle.
- Small amounts in cervix and skin.
What are neutral mucins?
Neutral polysaccharides (non-ionic homoglycans).
No acidic reactive groups present.
Epithelial in nature.
Where can neutral mucins be found?
Brunner's glands Gastric lining cells Prostatic glands Alimentary goblet cells (food tract, mouth to anus) Respiratory goblet cells
What are Acid mucins?
Acid Mucopolysaccharides (Anionic heteroglycans)
- Contain acid constituents.
- Connective and epithelial mucins.
- Two subgroups:
a) Carboxylated mucins
b) Sulphated mucins.
What are two examples of sulphated mucins?
Mast cells and cartilage.
Why is glucose hard to stain? How is glycogen opposite?
Glucose is very soluble in aqueous solution and is small in molecular size.
That makes it hard to stain and be demonstrated under the microscope.
Glycogen is insoluble in aqueous solutions (vs. glucose being very soluble).
Where are carboxylated mucins (COOH) found?
Hyaluronic acid, found in connective tissue and umbilical cord.
Where is a mixture of sulfated (OSO3H and carboxylated (COOH) found?
Chondroitin sulfate A
Condroitin sulfate B - mostly in skin, some in connective tissue, aorta and lung
Condroitin sulfate C - cartilage, chondro-sarcomas, cornea and blood vessels.
Heparin - mast cell granules, and the intima of arteries
Where are neutral glycoproteins (mucins) found?
Stomach mucins, paneth cell granules.
Where are carboxylated glycoproteins found?
Mucins in submaxillary gland, small intestine, large intestine.
Serum glycoproteins.
Blood group substances.
Where are sulfated and carboxylated glycoproteins found?
These contain both sialic acid and sulfate.
Found in colonic mucins from sheep and humans.
