carbohydrates

Question 1

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Carbohydrates are molecules that consist only of these three elements.

Question 2

What are the three types of saccharides?

Answer 2

• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharides

Saccharides are sugar units that make up carbohydrates.

Question 3

Define monosaccharide

Answer 3

Single sugar monomer

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates.

Question 4

Define disaccharide

Answer 4

Two monosaccharides

Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of two monosaccharide units.

Question 5

Define polysaccharide

Answer 5

Many monosaccharides

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates formed by long chains of monosaccharides.

Question 6

How do monosaccharides join to form disaccharides and polysaccharides?

Answer 6

By glycosidic bonds formed in condensation reactions

Glycosidic bonds are essential for carbohydrate structure.

Question 7

What is the main substrate for respiration?

Answer 7

Glucose

Glucose is a key energy source for cellular respiration.

Question 8

What are the isomers of glucose?

Answer 8

• Alpha glucose
• Beta glucose

These isomers have different structural arrangements.

Question 9

What type of sugar is ribose?

Answer 9

Pentose sugar

Ribose contains five carbon atoms and is a component of RNA.

Question 10

What is deoxyribose?

Answer 10

An isomer of ribose that lacks the OH group on the second carbon

Deoxyribose is a component of DNA.

Question 11

What is maltose formed from?

Answer 11

Condensation of two glucose molecules

Maltose is a type of disaccharide.

Question 12

What is sucrose formed from?

Answer 12

Condensation of glucose and fructose

Sucrose is commonly known as table sugar.

Question 13

What is lactose formed from?

Answer 13

Condensation of glucose and galactose

Lactose is the sugar found in milk.

Question 14

What are two polysaccharides formed from alpha glucose?

Answer 14

• Glycogen
• Starch

Both are energy storage molecules in different organisms.

Question 15

What is glycogen’s role in animals?

Answer 15

Main energy storage molecule

Glycogen is highly branched for rapid energy release.

Question 16

What is starch composed of?

Answer 16

• Amylose
• Amylopectin

Starch is a mixture of these two polysaccharides.

Question 17

Describe amylose.

Answer 17

Unbranched chain of glucose joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds

Amylose is coiled and compact, allowing for efficient energy storage.

Question 18

Describe amylopectin.

Answer 18

Branched molecule made up of glucose joined by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds

Amylopectin is rapidly digested due to its side branches.

Question 19

What is cellulose composed of?

Answer 19

Long, unbranched chains of beta glucose monomers

Cellulose is important for structural support in plant cell walls.

Question 20

What are microfibrils?

Answer 20

Strong threads made of long cellulose chains joined by hydrogen bonds

Microfibrils provide structural strength in plant cells.