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bio- bio molecules <3 > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

what are carbohydrates made from?

A

carbon,hydrogen,oxygen

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2
Q

what is a monomer + examples?

A

monomer = smaller units used to make larger molecules
e.g. monosaccharides, nucleotides, amino acids

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3
Q

what is a polymer + examples?

A

polymer = made from lots of monomers bonded together
e.g. polypeptides, DNA, polysaccharides

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4
Q

monosaccharides

A

glucose
fructose
galactose

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5
Q

what is an isomer?

A

molecules with same molecular formula but with different structures

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6
Q

difference between alpha and beta glucose

A

on carbon 1 of alpha glucose, H is on top and OH is on bottom, whereas beta glucose has OH at top but H at bottom

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7
Q

glucose function

A

energy source via respiration

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8
Q

fructose function

A

attracts insects as nectar

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9
Q

galactose function

A

found in milk

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10
Q

disaccharides

A

maltose
sucrose
lactose

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11
Q

how are disaccharides formed?

A

via the condensation reaction of two monosaccharides, joined by a glycosidic bond

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12
Q

how is maltose made

A

glucose + glucose

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13
Q

how is sucrose made

A

glucose + fructose

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14
Q

how is lactose made

A

glucose + galactose

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15
Q

what are polysaccharides?

A

created by condensation reactions between many monomers, bonded by glycosidic bonds

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16
Q

examples of polysaccharides

A

cellulose
starch
glycogen

17
Q

starch

A
  • alpha glucose monomers
  • two components = amylose + amylopectin
  • amylose = straight, long, helix due to hydrogen bonds
  • amylopectin = branched (1-4 & 1-6 bonds), long
  • found in animals
18
Q

properties of starch

A

insoluble (large)
easy to hydrolyse (large SA)
good for storage (compact)

19
Q

cellulose

A
  • beta glucose monomers
  • long, straight structure
  • arranged in layers due to hydrogen bonds between layers
  • each b glucose consecutively flipped 180 degrees
  • structural strength
  • found in animals
  • layers form microfibrils then fibrils
20
Q

glycogen

A
  • long, branched structure (1-4 and 1-6 bonds)
  • alpha glucose monomers
  • found in animals
  • insoluble
  • easily hydrolysis
21
Q

why is cellulose monomers flipped

A

to allow the OH groups to line up, forming 1-4 glycosidic bonds

bio- bio molecules <3 (3 decks)

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