CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

What are the names of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

A carbohydrate monomer is a monosaccharide
A carbohydrate dimer is a disaccharide
A carbohydrate polymer is a polysaccharide

Question 2

What do carbohydrate molecules contain?

Answer 2

They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
The general formula of a monosaccharide is (CH2O)n

Question 3

What are the different monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Glucose (Molecular formula: C6H12O6)
Fructose (same as above)
Galactose (same as above)
Ribose (C5H10O5)
Deoxyribose (C5H10O4)

Question 4

What are the 2 types of glucose?

Answer 4

Alpha and Beta Glucose

In alpha glucose, on the 1st and 4th carbon atoms, both hydroxyl groups point the same direction, down
In beta glucose, on the 1st and 4th carbon, the hydroxyl group point in opposite directions

Question 6

What are the different disaccharides?

Answer 6

Maltose - formed from glucose and glucose
Sucrose - formed from glucose and fructose
Lactose - formed from glucose and galactose

Question 7

How do disaccharides form (condensation)?

Answer 7

One of the hydroxyl groups from the 1st/4th carbon atom of 1 monosaccharide, and the hydrogen from the other hydroxyl group on the 1st/4th carbon atom of the other monosaccharide are removed

The oxygen links the 2 monosaccharides together, and a glycosidic bond forms, and water is produced

(The opposite is true for hydrolysis reactions)