Carbohydrates Flashcards
where is the carbonyl bond for aldehydes?
C1
where is the carbonyl bond for ketones?
C2
how do you find out the number of OH groups in a monosaccharide?
OH = N - 1
- N = # of carbons
What is a tautomer?
two structures with the same atomic position, which differ only in the position of their H atoms and double bonds
what are constitutional isomers?
same molecular formula but different connectivity of their atoms
what is a chiral compound?
a mirror image of a structure that is non-superimposable
- carbon with 4 different constituents attached
what is a stereoisomer?
molecules that have the same molecular formula and the same connectivity of atoms but differ in the spatial arrangement (3D)
what are enantiomers?
a type of stereoisomer that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other
what are diastereomers?
Diastereomers are a type of stereoisomer that are not mirror images of each other and cannot be superimposed
where is carbon 1 labled from?
the carbon closests to the double bond
what classifies if a sugar is D or L?
if the chiral carbon furthest away from from the carbonyl group has it OH group on the right or left
right = D sugar
left = L sugar
what is the equation figure out the number of stereoisomers a compound has?
2 ^n
what is an empimer?
strucures that differ in configuration only around ONE carbon
what compounds form a hemiacetal?
alcohol + aldehyde
what is an anomeric carbon?
A carbon that goes from achiral to chiral following the transition to a cyclic structure