Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the general formula of a carbohydrate?
C(H2O)n
What are the names for sugars with 3, 5 and 6 carbons?
Triose, pentose, hexose
Name three hexose monosaccharides
Fructose, galactose, glucose
Which monosaccharides make up the disaccharides sucrose, lactose and maltose?
Sucrose=glucose and fructose, lactose=glucose and galactose, maltose= glucose and glucose
Describe the difference between alpha and beta glucose
On alpha the OH group on carbon 1 is below the ring, on beta it is above
Which reaction joins two monosaccharides and what bond is formed?
Condensation, glycosidic
Which reaction breaks the bond in a disaccharide?
Hydrolysis
Describe the structure of starch
a polymer of alpha glucose. Composed of coiled-chain amylose containing 1-4 glycosidic bonds and branched amylopectin containing 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Describe the structure of glycogen
a polymer of alpha glucose- branched structure containing 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Describe the structure of cellulose
a polymer of beta glucose, straight chains with 1-4 glycosidic bonds, every other glucose rotated 180 degrees. H bonds holding together chains to form microfibrils, making it strong
Describe the structure of chitin
a polymer of beta glucose with acetylamine groups, straight chains with 1-4 glycosidic bonds, every other glucose rotated 180 degrees. H bonds holding together chains to form microfibrils, making it strong
Give three reasons starch and glycogen are good storage molecules
Glucose can be added and removed easily, they are compact and they have no osmotic effect because they are insoluble