Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the formula for glucose?
C?H??O?
What is a monomer?
A single unit that can be joined together to make larger molecules (polymers)
What is a polymer?
A long chain made up of many monomers
What is starch?
A polysaccharide that plants make to store energy
What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?
Monosaccharides (which are sugars)
What is cellulose?
A polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls. Provides us with fibre in our diet.
How can you identify alpha glucose?
The OH group on carbon 1 is below the ring
How can you identify beta glucose?
The OH group on carbon 1 is above the ring
Which elements are found in carbohydrates?
C (Carbon), H (Hydrogen), O (Oxygen)
What molecule is released when two monosaccharides are joined together?
Water
What is a disaccharide?
A sugar made of two monosaccharides joined together
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A reaction that adds water to split up polymers into monomers
A condensation reaction between monosaccharides forms what type of bond?
Glycosidic bonds
Why is it good that glycogen is insoluble?
It doesn’t affect osmosis
What happens in a condensation reaction?
Water is removed and two molecules join together
What is glycogen?
A polysaccharide that is used to store energy in the liver and muscle cells
Why is it good that glycogen is highly branched?
It can be quickly hydrolyses to release glucose for respiration
What process releases energy stored in glucose molecules?
Respiration
Where is glycogen stored in the body?
Muscles and liver
What is the collective name for polymers of carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides
What is a hexose?
A monosaccharide (sugar) with 6 carbons. For example, glucose
What is a pentose?
A monosaccharide (sugar) with 5 carbons
