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Charlie Human Biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the formula for glucose?

A

C?H??O?

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2
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A single unit that can be joined together to make larger molecules (polymers)

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3
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain made up of many monomers

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4
Q

What is starch?

A

A polysaccharide that plants make to store energy

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5
Q

What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?

A

Monosaccharides (which are sugars)

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6
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls. Provides us with fibre in our diet.

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7
Q

How can you identify alpha glucose?

A

The OH group on carbon 1 is below the ring

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8
Q

How can you identify beta glucose?

A

The OH group on carbon 1 is above the ring

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9
Q

Which elements are found in carbohydrates?

A

C (Carbon), H (Hydrogen), O (Oxygen)

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10
Q

What molecule is released when two monosaccharides are joined together?

A

Water

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11
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

A sugar made of two monosaccharides joined together

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12
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

A reaction that adds water to split up polymers into monomers

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13
Q

A condensation reaction between monosaccharides forms what type of bond?

A

Glycosidic bonds

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14
Q

Why is it good that glycogen is insoluble?

A

It doesn’t affect osmosis

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15
Q

What happens in a condensation reaction?

A

Water is removed and two molecules join together

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16
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A polysaccharide that is used to store energy in the liver and muscle cells

17
Q

Why is it good that glycogen is highly branched?

A

It can be quickly hydrolyses to release glucose for respiration

18
Q

What process releases energy stored in glucose molecules?

A

Respiration

19
Q

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

A

Muscles and liver

20
Q

What is the collective name for polymers of carbohydrates?

A

Polysaccharides

21
Q

What is a hexose?

A

A monosaccharide (sugar) with 6 carbons. For example, glucose

22
Q

What is a pentose?

A

A monosaccharide (sugar) with 5 carbons

Charlie Human Biology (5 decks)

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